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Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge pp 449–490Cite as

Globalization, Local Communities, and Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge

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Part of the book series: World Forests ((WFSE,volume 12))

Abstract

Traditional forest-related knowledge (TFRK) has allowed human communities to adapt to specific locales. However, this local context is being dramatically affected by changes introduced through globalization. This chapter explores the different paths through which globalization is affecting local and indigenous communities and their traditional forest-related knowledge, and the potential for these communities to adapt to, or counteract, the impacts of globalization. We start with a reflexion on globalization and its links with local communities. Current globalization can be regarded as the most recent phase of a long-term process initiated by European expansion 500 years ago. Following a brief discussion of the positive effects and potential benefits of globalization on local communities, the remainder of the chapter considers the more disquieting aspects of this topic. European countries provide examples of how globalization has affected local communities in capitalist industrial economies as well as under communism. We then address the long-lasting influence of European colonialism, and explore how local communities are still being affected by political ideas developed in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and introduced to the colonies, including centralized control of forests and their management. We continue with a focus on developing countries and the influence of environmental policies and the market economy as important facets of globalization’s impact on local communities. This discussion includes an examination of the application of violence in the framework of a market economy. Finally, we discuss how local communities deal with globalization, as well as the importance of participation and consultation processes to support these communities.

This paper represents the opinions of the authors and does not reflect the position of their institutions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.survivalinternational.org/

  2. 2.

    Different forms of management that include controlled fires were common in Europe in former times; however, fire and foresters do not always fit well together. For example, in Italy, the forest administration disapproves controlled burns in chestnut stands, a traditional management practice of these woodlands (Grove and Rackham 2001).

  3. 3.

    Examples of negative impacts of REDD initiatives on indigenous communities in the frame of voluntary carbon trading have been recently documented. A tribe’s leader in Papua New Guinea was forced at gunpoint by “carbon cowboys”, aiming to develop a voluntary carbon trade project, to sign away the carbon rights to his people’s forest (Astill 2010; Greenpeace 2010): “They came and got me in the night… police came with a gun. They threatened me. They told me, You sign. Otherwise, if you don’t sign, I’ll get a police and lock you up,” said the leader (Greenpeace 2010).

  4. 4.

    http://www.un.org/esa/forests/about.html

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, Vienna, Austria

    Jesús García Latorre

  2. Association for Landscape Research in Arid Zones, Almería, Spain

    Juan García Latorre

Authors
  1. Jesús García Latorre
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  2. Juan García Latorre
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Correspondence to Jesús García Latorre .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Research & Development Branch, U.S. Forest Service, North Kent Street 1601, Arlington, 22209, Virginia, USA

    John A. Parrotta

  2. , American Indian Studies, The University of Arizona, E. Second Street 1103, Tuscon, 85721, Arizona, USA

    Ronald L. Trosper

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Latorre, J.G., Latorre, J.G. (2012). Globalization, Local Communities, and Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge. In: Parrotta, J., Trosper, R. (eds) Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge. World Forests, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_12

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