Skip to main content

Fire and Invasive Plants on California Landscapes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Landscape Ecology of Fire

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 213))

Abstract

Throughout the world, the functioning of natural ecosystems is being altered by invasions from nonnative plants and animals. Disturbances that alter ecosystem processes often initiate species invasions. Increasingly it is evident that fire-prone ecosystems can be highly vulnerable both to invasion during the immediate postfire period and to alterations of fire regime by altered fuel bed properties after invasion. Here we explore how temporal and spatial patterns of burning affect invasion and the prevalence of nonnative species, and how fundamental variation in fire regime characteristics pose challenges for articulating unifying principles of the relationship between fire and the invasion process at the landscape scale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexander, J.M., and C.M. D’Antonio. 2003a. Effects of stand age and fire on the seed bank of french broom (Genista monspessulana) in California. Restoration Ecology 11: 185–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J.M., and C.M. D’Antonio. 2003b. Control methods for the removal of French and Scotch Broom tested in coastal California. Ecological Restoration 21: 191–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, E.B., P.E. Padget, A. Bytnerowicz, and R. Minnich. 1998. Nitrogen deposition effects on coastal sage vegetation of southern California. In Proceedings of the international symposium on air pollution and climate change effects on forest ecosystems. General Technical Report PSW–GTR–166, eds. A. Bytnerowicz, M.J. Arbaugh, and S.L. Schilling, 131–139. Albany: U.S. Forest Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M.K. 2005a. Tending the wild: Native American knowledge and the management of California’s natural resources. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R.S. 2005b. Contrasting vegetation and fire histories on the Point Reyes Peninsula during the pre–settlement and settlement periods: 15,000 years of change. Final report. http://www.nps.gov/pore/parkmgmt/upload/firemanagement_fireecology_research_anderson_0506_OnlinePDF.pdf. Accessed 25 Jan 2010.

  • Anderson, M.K. 2007. Native American uses and management of California’s grasslands. In California grasslands: ecology and management, eds. M. Stromberg, J. Corbin, and C.M. D’Antonio, 57–66. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, W.L. 2006. Fire and restoration of sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34: 177–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatley, J. 1966. Ecological status of introduced Brome grasses (Bromus spp) in desert vegetation in southern Nevada. Ecology 47: 548–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betts, A.D.K. 2003. Ecology and control of goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) and medusaehead (Taeniatherum caput–medusae) in California annual grasslands. Ph.D. dissertation. Berkeley: University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binkley, D., K. Cromack, and R.L. Fredriksen. 1982. Nitrogen accretion and availability in some snowbrush ecosystems. Forest Science 28: 720–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borchert, M. 1985. Serotiny and cone–habit variation in populations of Pinus coulteri (Pinaceae) in the southern Coast Ranges of California. Madroño 32: 29–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, M.L. 2003. Effects of increased soil nitrogen on the dominance of alien annual plants in the Mojave Desert. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 344–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, M.L., C.M. D’Antonio, D.M. Richardson, J.B. Grace, J.E. Keeley, J.M. DiTomaso, R.J. Hobbs, M. Pellant, and D. Pyke. 2004. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. Bioscience 54: 677–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cal Fire. 2007. FRAP fire history database. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. http://frap.cdf.ca.gov. accessed June 2007.

  • Callaway, R.M., and F.W. Davis. 1993. Vegetation dynamics, fire, and the physical environment in coastal central California. Ecology 74: 1567–1578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callihan, R.H., T.S. Prather, and F.E. Northam. 1993. Longevity of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) achenes in soil. Weed Technology 7: 33–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cayan, D., E. Maurer, M. Dettinger, M. Tyree, K. Hayhoe, C. Bonfils, P. Duffy, and B. Santer. 2006. Climate scenarios for California. California Climate Change Center. http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-500-2005-203/CEC-500-2005-203-SF_OnlinePDF.pdf. Accessed 25 Jan 2010.

  • Cheney, N.P., J.S. Gould, and W.R. Catchpole. 1993. The influence of fuel, weather and fire shape variables on fire–spread in grasslands. International Journal of Wildland Fire 3: 31–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conard, S.G., A.E. Jaramillo, K. Cromack Jr., and S. Rose. 1985. The role of the genus Ceanothus in western forest ecosystems. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–182. Portland: U.S. Forest Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.S. 1922. The broad–sclerophyll vegetation of California. An ecological study of the chaparral and its related communities. Publication No. 319. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J.C., C.M. D’Antonio, and S.J. Bainbridge. 2004. Tipping the balance in the restoration of native plants: Experimental approaches to changing the exotic: native ratio in California grassland. In Experimental approaches to conservation biology, eds. M. Gordon and L. Bartol, 154–179. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J.C., A. Dyer, and E.W. Seabloom. 2007. Competitive interactions. In California grasslands: ecology and management, eds. M. Stromberg, J. Corbin, and C.M. D’Antonio, 156–168. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio, C.M. 2000. Fire, plant invasions and global changes. In Invasive species in a changing world, eds. H. Mooney and R. Hobbs, 65–94. Covelo: Island.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio, C.M., and P. Vitousek. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass–fire cycle and global change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23: 63–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio, C.M., D. Odion, and C. Tyler. 1993. Invasion of maritime chaparral by the introduced succulent, Carpobrotus edulis: The roles of fire and herbivory. Oecologia 95: 14–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio, C.M., J. Levine, and M. Thomsen. 2001. Ecosystem resistance to invasion and the role of propagules supply: a California perspective. Journal of Mediterranean Ecology 2: 233–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., L.A. Joyce, S. McNulty, R.P. Neilson, M.P. Ayres, M.D. Flannigan, P.J. Hanson, L.C. Irland, A.E. Lugo, C.J. Peterson, D. Simberloff, F.J. Swanson, B.J. Stocks, and B.M. Wotton. 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances. Bioscience 51: 723–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davison, J. 1996. Livestock grazing in wildland fuel management programs. Rangelands 18: 242–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delwiche, C.C., P.J. Zinke, and C.M. Johnson. 1965. Nitrogen fixation by Ceanothus. Plant Physiology 40: 1045–1047.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J.M., C.A. Call, and N. Devoe. 2009. Effects of targeted cattle-grazing on fire behaviour of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland in the northern Great Basin, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18: 944–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiTomaso, J.M., and D.W. Johnson eds. 2006. The use of fire as a tool for controlling invasive plants. Cal–IPC Publication 2006-01. Berkeley: California Invasive Plant Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiTomaso, J.M., G.B. Kyser, and M.S. Hastings. 1999. Prescribed burning for control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and enhanced native plant diversity. Weed Science 47: 233–242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiTomaso, J.M., K.L. Heise, G.B. Kyser, A. Merenlender, and R.J. Keiffer. 2001. Carefully timed burning can control barb goatgrass. California Agriculture 55: 47–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dukes, J.S., and M.R. Shaw. 2007. Responses to changing atmosphere and climate. In California grasslands: ecology and management, eds. M. Stromberg, J. Corbin, and C.M. D’Antonio, 218–232. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finney, M.A. 2001. Design of regular landscape fuel treatment patterns for modifying fire growth and behavior. Forest Science 47: 219–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J. 2010. Vegetation dynamics and exotic plant invasion following high severity crown fire in a southern California confier forest. Plant Ecology 207: 281–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J., and C.E. Woodcock. 1997. Multiscale vegetation data for the mountains of Southern California: spatial and categorical resolution. In Scale in remote sensing and GIS, eds. D.A. Quattrochi and M.F. Goodchild, 141–168. Boca Raton: CRC/Lewis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J., L.A. Spears–Lebrun, D.H. Deutschman, and K. Marsden. 2006. Impact of a high–intensity fire on mixed evergreen and mixed conifer forests in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 235: 18–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fried, J.S., M.S. Torn, and E. Mills. 2004. The impact of climate change on wildfire severity: A regional forecast for northern California. Climatic Change 64: 169–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenlee, J.M., and J.H. Langenheim. 1990. Historic fire regimes and their relation to vegetation patterns in the Monterey Bay area of California. American Midland Naturalist 124: 239–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidinger, T.L., and J.E. Keeley. 1993. Role of high fire frequency in destruction of mixed chaparral. Madroño 40: 141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, J.G. 1997. Changing perceptions of pre–European grasslands in California. Madroño 44: 311–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, S., B.D. Inouye, and H.D. Safford. 2003. Ecological heterogeneity in the effects of grazing and fire on grassland diversity. Conservation Biology 17: 837–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellmers, H., and J.M. Kelleher. 1959. Ceanothus leucodermis and soil nitrogen in Southern California mountains. Forest Science 5: 275–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkinson, P.J.M. 2003. Native bunchgrass diversity patterns and phytolith deposits as indicators of fragmentation and change in a California Coast Range grassland. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huenneke, L.F., and H.A. Mooney (eds.). 1989. Grassland structure and function: California annual grasslands. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L.E. 1985. Ecological origins of California’s Mediterranean grasses. Journal of Biogeography 12: 349–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, A.L., S.D. Davis, and S.L. Babritius. 2004. Fire frequency impacts non–sprouting chaparral shrubs in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. In Ecology, conservation and management of mediterranean climate ecosystems, eds. M. Arianoutsou and V.P. Panastasis. Rotterdam: Millpress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, M.R., D. Binkley, P.Z. Fule, M. Johnson, S.L. Stephens, and T.W. Swetnam. 2007. Defining old growth for fire–adapted forests of the Western United States. Ecology and Society 12: 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. [N.d.]. Unpublished data. Three Rivers: Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey (On file with: Jon Keeley).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. 1990. The California valley grassland. in Endangered plant communities of southern California. Special Publication No. 3, ed. A.A. Schoenherr, 3–23. Claremont: Southern California Botanists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. 2001. Fire and invasive species in mediterranean–climate ecosystems of California. In Proceedings of the invasive species workshop: the role of fire in the control and spread of invasive species, eds. K.E.M. Galley and T.P. Wilson, 81–94. Tallahassee: Tall Timbers Research Station Misc. Publ. No. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. 2002. Native American impacts on fire regimes in California coastal ranges. Journal of Biogeography 29: 303–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. 2005. Fire history of the San Francisco East Bay region and implications for landscape patterns. International Journal of Wildland Fire 14: 285–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. 2006a. South coast bioregion. In Fire in California’s ecosystems, eds. N.G. Sugihara, J.W. van Wagtendonk, K.E. Shaffer, J. Fites-Kaufman, and A.E. Thoede, 350–390. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E. 2006b. Fire management impacts on invasive plants in the western United States. Conservation Biology 20: 375–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., and T.W. McGinnis. 2007. Impact of prescribed fire and other factors on cheatgrass persistence in a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine forest. International Journal of Wildland Fire 16: 96–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., and N.L. Stephenson. 2000. Restoring natural fire regimes to the Sierra Nevada in an era of global change. In Wilderness science in a time of change, comps. D.N. Cole, S.F. McCool, W.T. Borrie, and J. Loughlin, 255–265. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-5. Fort Collins: U.S. Forest Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., C.J. Fotheringham, and M. Morais. 1999. Reexamining fire suppression impacts on brushland fire regimes. Science 284: 1829–1832.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., D. Lubin, and C.J. Fotheringham. 2003. Fire and grazing impacts on plant diversity and alien plant invasions in the southern Sierra Nevada. Ecological Applications 13: 1355–1374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., C.J. Fotheringham, and M.A. Moritz. 2004. Lessons from the 2003 wildfires in southern California. Journal of Forestry 102: 26–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., M. Baer–Keeley, and C.J. Fotheringham. 2005. Alien plant dynamics following fire in mediterranean–climate California shrublands. Ecological Applications 15: 2109–2125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., T. Brennan, and A.H. Pfaff. 2008. Fire severity and ecosystem responses following crown fires in California shrublands. Ecological Applications 18: 1530–1546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., H. Safford, C.J. Fotheringham, J. Franklin, and M. Moritz. 2009a. The 2007 Southern California wildfires: Lessons in complexity. Journal of Forestry 107: 287–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, J.E., G.H. Aplet, N.L. Christensen, S.G. Conard, E.A. Johnson, P.N. Omi, D.L. Peterson, and T.W. Swetnam. 2009b. Ecological foundations for fire management in North American forest and shrubland ecosystems. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–779. Portland: U.S. Forest Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinger, R.C., M.L. Brooks, and J.M. Randall. 2006. Fire and invasive plant species. In Fire in California’s ecosystems, eds. N.G. Sugihara, J.W. van Wagtendonk, K.E. Shaffer, J. Fites–Kaufman, and A.E. Thoede, 499–519. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kyser, G.B., and J.M. DiTomaso. 2002. Instability in a grassland community after the control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) with prescribed burning. Weed Science 50: 648–657.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenihan, J.M., R. Draper, D.B. Bachelet, and R.P. Neilson. 2003. Climate change effects on ­vegetation distribution, carbon and fire in California. Ecological Applications 13: 1667–1681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAdoo, K., B. Schultz, S. Swanson, and R. Orr. 2007. Northeastern Nevada wildfires part 2: Can livestock be used to reduce wildfires? University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet 07–21. http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2007/fs0721_OnlinePDF.pdf. Accessed 25 Jan 2010.

  • Medler, M.J., P. Montesano, and D. Robinson. 2002. Examining the relationship between snowfall and wildfire patterns in the western United States. Physical Geography 23: 335–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mensing, S.A., J. Michaelsen, and R. Byrne. 1999. A 560–year record of Santa Ana fires reconstructed from charcoal deposited in the Santa Barbara Basin, California. Quaternary Research 51: 295–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, K.E., J.E. Keeley, and J.L. Beyers. 2006. Fuel breaks affect nonnative species abundance in California plant communities. Ecological Applications 16: 515–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M.D., and P.M. Schiffman. 1999. Fire season and mulch reduction in a California grassland: a comparison of restoration strategies. Madroño 46: 25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, C.I. 1997. Comments on historical variation and desired condition as tools for terrestrial landscape analysis. In Proceedings of the sixth biennial watershed management conference. ed. S. Sommarstrom, 105–131. Water Resources Center Report No. 92, Davis: University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, C.I., N.L. Stephenson, and S.L. Stephens. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications 17: 2145–2151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minnich, R.A. 2008. California’s fading wildflowers. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A., S.P. Hamburg, and J.A. Drake. 1986. The invasions of plants and animals into California. In Ecology of biological invasions of North America and Hawaii, eds. H.A. Mooney and J.A. Drake, 250–327. New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, M.A. 2003. Spatiotemporal analysis of controls on shrubland fire regimes: age dependence and fire hazard. Ecology 84: 351–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, M.A., and D.C. Odion. 2005. Examining the strength and possibly causes of the relationship between fire history and sudden oak death. Oecologia 144: 106–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyes, A.B., M.S. Witter, and J.A. Gamon. 2005. Restoration of native perennials in a California annual grassland after prescribed spring burning and solarization. Restoration Ecology 13: 659–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odion, D.C., and F.W. Davis. 2000. Fire, soil heating and the formation of vegetation patterns in chaparral. Ecological Monographs 70: 149–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odion, D.C., E.J. Frost, J.R. Strittholt, H. Jiang, D.A. Dellasala, and M.A. Moritz. 2004. Patterns of fire severity and forest conditions in the western Klamath Mountains, California. Conservation Biology 18: 927–936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padgett, P.E., E.B. Allen, A. Bytnerowicz, and R.A. Minnich. 1999. Changes in soil inorganic nitrogen as related to atmospheric nitrogenous pollutants in southern California. Atmospheric Environment 33: 769–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, V.T. 1987. Effects of wet–season management burns on chaparral vegetation: implications for rare species. In Conservation and management of rare and endangered plants, ed. T.S. Elias, 233–237. Sacramento: California Native Plant Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, M.D., and H. Heady. 1978. Responses of annual vegetation to temperature and rainfall patterns in northern California. Ecology 59: 336–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pope, V.D., M.L. Gallani, P.R. Rowntree, and R.A. Stratton. 2000. The impact of new physical parameterizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3. Climate Dynamics 16: 123–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reever–Morghan, K., J. Corbin, and J. Gerlach. 2007. Water relations. In California grasslands: ecology and management, eds. M. Stromberg, J. Corbin, and C.M. D’Antonio, 87–93. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, R.J. 2007. Fire in California grasslands. In California grasslands: ecology and management, eds. M. Stromberg, J. Corbin, and C.M. D’Antonio, 207–217. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, R.J., P. Hujik, and O. Pollock. 2006. Predicting vegetation response to fire in California annual grassland. In Assumptions used to justify prescribed fire as a restoration tool in California annual grasslands, eds. R. Schlising and D. Alexander, 167–174. Chico: Butte Environmental Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rejmanek, M., and J.M. Randall. 1994. Invasive alien plants in California: 1993 summary and comparison with other areas in North America. Madroño 41: 161–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, R.D. 1959. The effect upon forest of natural fire and aboriginal burning in the Sierra Nevada. M.S. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossiter, N.A., S.A. Setterfield, M.M. Douglas, and L. Huntley. 2003. Testing the grass–fire cycle: alien grass invasion in the tropical savannas of northern Australia. Diversity and Distributions 9: 169–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roye, C.L. 2004. Plant assessment form. http://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/inventory/PAF/Ehrharta%20calycina_OnlinePDF.pdf. Accessed 25 Jan 2010.

  • Schwartz, M.W., D.J. Porter, J.M. Randall, and K.E. Lyons. 1996. Impact of nonindigenous plants. In Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final report to Congress, Volume II, assessments and scientific basis for management options, 1203–1218. Davis: University of California, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siguenza, C., L. Corkidi, and E.B. Allen. 2006. Feedbacks of soil inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi altered by N deposition on the growth of a native shrub and an invasive annual grass. Plant and Soil 286: 153–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, S.L., and B.M. Collins. 2004. Fire regimes of mixed conifer forests in the north–central Sierra Nevada at multiple spatial scales. Northwest Science 78: 12–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, S.L., J.J. Moghaddas, C. Edminster, C.E. Fiedler, S. Hasse, M. Harrington, J.E. Keeley, E. Knapp, J.D. McIver, K. Metlen, C. Skinner, and A. Youngblood. 2009. Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity western forests. Ecological Applications 19: 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugihara, N.G., J.W. van Wagtendonk, K.E. Shaffer, J. Fites-Kaufman, and A.E. Thoede, eds. 2006. Fire in California’s ecosystems. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suskind, R. 2006. The one percent doctrine. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swetnam, T.W., and J.L. Betancourt. 1998. Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest. Journal of Climate 11: 3128–3147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stylinski, C.D., and E.B. Allen. 1999. Lack of native species recovery following severe exotic disturbance in southern California shrublands. Journal of Applied Ecology 36: 544–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talluto, M.V., and K.N. Suding. 2008. Historical change in coastal sage scrub in southern California, USA in relation to fire frequency and air pollution. Landscape Ecology 23: 803–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, C.M., D. Odion, and R.M. Callaway. 2007. Dynamics of woody species in the California grassland. In California grasslands: ecology and management, eds. M. Stromberg, J. Corbin, and C.M. D’Antonio, 169–179. Berkeley: University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Mantgem, P.J., N.L. Stephenson, M.B. Keifer, and J.E. Keeley. 2004. Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on demography of sugar pine. Ecological Applications 14: 1590–1602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Wagtendonk, J.W., and J. Fites–Kaufman. 2006. Sierra Nevada bioregion. In Fire in California’s ecosystems, eds. N. Sugihara, J.W. van Wagtendonk, K.E. Shaffer, J. Fites–Kaufman, and A.E. Thode, 264–294. Berkeley: University of California.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, S. 1999. Cows, cars and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conservation Biology 13: 1478–1486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, S. 2006. Impacts of nitrogen deposition on California ecosystems and biodiversity. CEC–500–2005–165. Sacramento: California Energy Commission, PIER Energy–related Environmental Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, P.V. 1962. Vegetation in relation to geological substratum and fire in the San Luis Obispo quadrangle, California. Ecological Monographs 32: 79–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westerling, A.L., A. Gershunov, T.J. Brown, D.R. Cayan, and M.D. Dettinger. 2003. Climate and wildfire in the western United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 84: 595–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westerling, A.L., H.G. Hidalgo, D.R. Cayan, and T.W. Swetnam. 2006. Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science 313: 940–943.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westman, W.E. 1979. Oxidant effects on Californian coastal sage scrub. Science 205: 1001–1003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, K., R.J. Hobbs, and S.P. Hamburg. 1987. Invasion of an annual grassland in northern California by Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea. Oecologia 72: 461–465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, R.D. 2006. Central Valley bioregion. In Fire in California’s ecosystems, eds. N.G. Sugihara, J.W. van Wagtendonk, K.E. Shaffer, J. Fites-Kaufman, and A.E. Thoede, 295–320. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, L.C., and E.B. Allen. 2001. Response to ammonium and nitrate by a mycorrhizal annual invasive grass and native shrub in southern California. American Journal of Botany 88: 1430–1436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zedler, P.H., and G.A. Scheid. 1988. Invasion of Carpobrotus edulis and Salix lasiolepis after fire in a coastal chaparral site in Santa Barbara County, California. Madroño 35: 196–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zedler, P.H., C.R. Gautier, and G.S. McMaster. 1983. Vegetation change in response to extreme events: the effect of a short interval between fires in California chaparral and coastal scrub. Ecology 64: 809–818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jon E. Keeley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keeley, J.E., Franklin, J., D’Antonio, C. (2011). Fire and Invasive Plants on California Landscapes. In: McKenzie, D., Miller, C., Falk, D. (eds) The Landscape Ecology of Fire. Ecological Studies, vol 213. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics