Abstract
The encounter between invading microorganisms and dendritic cells (DC) triggers a series of events which include uptake and degradation of the microorganism, induction of a cell maturation process, as well as enhancement of DC migration to the draining lymph nodes. Bacteria of the genera Yersinia and Francisella have developed different strategies to counteract these events as a measure to evade host defense.
We observed that interaction of the Yersinia enterocolitica with DC impairs their maturation into functional immune cells and triggers premature cell death. Y. pestis, has no effects on DC viability or maturation, yet impairs DC functions related to cytoskeleton rearrangement in a virulence plasmid dependent way. DC pulsed with Y. pestis fails to migrate toward the chemokine CCL19. Moreover, while instillation of a virulence plasmid-cured Y. pestis strain into mice airways triggers effective transport of airway DC to the mediastinal lymph node (MdLN), instillation of Y. pestis harboring the plasmid fails to do so.
Interaction of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) with DC leads to impairment of cell maturation but at the same time allows for intracellular bacterial propagation and effective cell migration, thus paving the way to utilization of DC as vehicles for bacterial dissemination. Indeed, airway infection of mice with LVS results in trafficking of bacteria-carrying DC from the respiratory tract to the draining MdLN. Furthermore, impairment of DC migration in vivo by two independent mechanisms reduces bacterial colonization of the lymph node and delays the onset of morbidity and the time to death of the infected mice.
Taken together, these observations attest to the major role of DC in mounting protection against pathogens, which has in turn led to evolution of various bacterial strategies to counteract and even exploit DC functions.
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Velan, B. et al. (2010). The Interactions Between Pathogens and Dendritic Cells: From Paralysis of Cells to Their Recruitment for Bacterial Colonization. In: Shafferman, A., Ordentlich, A., Velan, B. (eds) The Challenge of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9054-6_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9054-6_9
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