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Terapia delle malattie neurologiche pp 407–426Cite as

Tossina botulinica

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Il trattamento iniettivo con tossina botulinica (BTX) è da anni utilizzato in molte patologie neurologiche ed è impiegato sempre più estesamente. La tossina è prodotta dal batterio Gram positivo sporigeno Clostridium botulinum ed è liberata all’esterno in seguito ad autolisi batterica. La tossina fa parte di un complesso comprendente una serie di proteine accessorie che conferiscono resistenza alla proteolisi e alla denaturazione provocata da temperatura, solventi e pH acido. Se ingerito, il complesso viene sciolto dal pH alcalino intestinale, permettendo l’assorbimento, la diffusione sistemica per via ematica e infine lo sviluppo di botulismo. Sono stati identificati sette diversi sierotipi di BTX (A−G): i sierotipi A, B ed E sono quelli principalmente associati alla patologia umana. La tossina è prodotta come catena polipeptidica (150 kD) e in seguito tagliata da proteasi batteriche per formare un dimero legato da un ponte disolfuro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Milano Azienda Ospedaliera “L. Sacco”, Milano

    Maurizio Osio, Caterina Nascimbene & Enrico Mailland

  2. Unità Operativa di Neurologia, Ente Ospedaliero “Valduce”, Como

    Francesco Muscia

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  1. Maurizio Osio
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  2. Caterina Nascimbene
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  4. Enrico Mailland
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Osio, M., Nascimbene, C., Muscia, F., Mailland, E. (2009). Tossina botulinica. In: Terapia delle malattie neurologiche. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1120-5_33

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