Abstract
There has been considerable interest in recent technical literature on the use of only unity gain cells (i.e. unity gain voltage followers (VF) and unity gain current followers (CF)) as alternatives to other more complex building blocks in the design of analog circuits. This has been possible due to the advances made in IC technology. It is possible to design VFs and CFs providing wider bandwidth, lower power consumption and simpler architectures as compared to other more complex building blocks. Moreover, using CFs and VFs it becomes possible to design all the four controlled sources in an open loop arrangement without encountering the gain-bandwidth-conflicts. These advantages have stimulated considerable interest in the use of VFs and CFs in a variety of linear as well as non-linear applications over the past two decades. Simultaneously, significant work has also been done on improving the design of VFs and CFs themselves for both bipolar and CMOS technologies. This chapter presents a brief account of some prominent works done on the analog circuit design using VFs and CFs together with the design of VFs and CFs themselves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Toumazou, C., Lidgey, F.J., Haigh, D.G.: Analogue IC design: the current-mode approach. Peter Peregrinus Ltd. (1990)
Prescott, A.J.: Loss-compensated active gyrator using differential-input operational amplifiers. Electron. Lett. 2, 283–284 (1966)
Wise, D.R.: Active simulation of floating lossy inductances. Proc. IEE 121, 85–87 (1974)
Dutta Roy, S.C.: A circuit for floating inductance simulation. Proc. IEEE 62, 521–523 (1974)
Takaji, S., Fujii, N.: High-frequency active RC simulation of impedance-scaled LC filters using voltage followers. In: Proc. ISCAS, pp. 295–298 (1985)
Antoniou, A.: Realization of gyrators using operational amplifiers, and their use in RC-active-network synthesis. Proc. IEE 116, 1838–1850 (1969)
Senani, R.: New RC-active oscillator configuration employing unity-gain amplifiers. Electron. Lett. 21, 889–891 (1985)
Abuelma’atti, M.T., Humood, N.A.: Ten faster op-amp oscillators. Electron. and Wireless World 93, 1053–1054 (1987)
Boutin, N.: Synthesis of oscillator circuits employing only one unity-gain amplifier. Electron. Lett. 22, 22–23 (1986)
Gupta, S.S., Senani, R.: New single-resistance-controlled oscillator configurations using unity-gain cells. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 46, 111–119 (2006)
Gupta, S.S., Senani, R.: New single resistance controlled oscillators employing a reduced number of unity-gain cells. IEICE Electronics Express 1, 507–512 (2004)
Sedra, A.S.: A class of stable active filters using unity-gain voltage followers. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits 7, 311–315 (1972)
Senani, R.: A simple approach of deriving single-input-multiple-output current-mode biquad filters. Frequenz 50, 124–127 (1996)
Senani, R., Gupta, S.S.: Current-mode universal biquad using current followers: a minimal realization. Radioengineering 20, 898–904 (2011)
Alzaher, H.A., Ismail, M.: Current-mode universal filter using unity gain cells. Electron. Lett. 35, 2198–2200 (1999)
Alzaher, H.A.: A CMOS digitally programmable filter technique for VLSI applications. Analog Intgr. Circ. Sig. Process. 55, 177–187 (2008)
Tangsrirat, W., Pukkalanun, T.: Digitally programmable current follower and its applications. Int. J. Electron. Commun (AEU) 63, 416–422 (2009)
Kennedy, M.P.: Robust Op Amp realization of Chua’s circuit. Frequenz 46, 66–80 (1992)
Elwakil, A.S., Soliman, A.M.: Current conveyor chaos generators. IEEE Trans. CAS-I Fundam. Theory Appl. 46, 393–398 (1999)
Senani, R., Gupta, S.S.: Implementation of Chua’s chaotic circuit using current feedback op-amps. Electron. Lett. 34, 829–830 (1998)
Ozoguz, S.: Simple log-domain chaotic oscillator. Electron. Lett. 37, 1378–1379 (2001)
Sanchez-Lopez, C., Trejo-Guerra, R., Tlelo-Cuautle, E.: Simulation of Chua’s chaotic oscillator using unity-gain cells. In: Proc. of the 7th Int. Caribbean Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems, pp. 28–30 (2008)
Tiliute, D.E.: Full-wave current-mode precision rectifiers using unity-gain cells. Elektronika IR Elektrotechnika 7, 26–29 (2003)
Awad, I.A., Soliman, A.M.: On the voltage mirrors and the current mirrors. Analog Intgr. Circ. Sig. Process. 32, 79–81 (2002)
Torres-Papaqui, L., Torres-Munoz, D., Tlelo-Cuautle, E.: Synthesis of VFs and CFs by manipulation of generic cells. Analog Intgr. Circ. Sig. Process. 46, 99–102 (2006)
Tlelo-Cuautle, E., Duarte-Villasenor, M.A., Guerra-Gomez, I.: Automatic synthesis of VFs and VMs by applying genetic algorithms. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 27, 391–403 (2008)
Tlelo-Cuautle, E., Torres-Munoz, D., Torres-Papaqui, L.: On the computational synthesis of CMOS voltage followers. IEICE Trans. Fundamentals E88, 3479–3484 (2005)
Tlelo-Cuautle, E., Moro-Frias, D., Sanchez-Lopez, C., Duarte-Villasenor, M.A.: Synthesis of CCII-s by superimposing VFs and CFs through genetic operations. IEICE Electron. Expr. 5, 411–417 (2008)
Ramirez-Angulo, J., Lopez-Martin, A.J., Carvajal, R.G., Torralba, A., Jimenez, M.: Simple class-AB voltage follower with slew rate and bandwidth enhancement and no extra static power or supply requirements. Electron. Lett. 42, 784–785 (2006)
Lopez-Martin, A.J., Algueta Miguel, J.M., Acosta, L., Ramirez-Angulo, J., Carvajal, R.G.: Design of two-stage class AB CMOS buffers: A systematic approach. ETRI J. 33, 393–400 (2011)
Azhari, S.J., Safari, L.: A high CMRR low power fully differential current buffer. IEICE Electron. Expr. 7, 765–771 (2010)
Torres-Papqui, L., Tlelo-Cuautle, E.: Synthesis of CCs and CFOAs by manipulation of VFs and CFs. In: Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Behavioral Modeling and Simulation, pp. 92–69 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Senani, R., Bhaskar, D.R., Singh, A.K., Sharma, R.K. (2013). Synthesis of Analog Circuits Using Only Voltage and Current Followers as Active Elements. In: Fakhfakh, M., Tlelo-Cuautle, E., Castro-Lopez, R. (eds) Analog/RF and Mixed-Signal Circuit Systematic Design. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 233. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36329-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36329-0_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-36328-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-36329-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)