Abstract
We show that the unrestricted black-box complexity of the n-dimensional XOR- and permutation-invariant LeadingOnes function class is O(n log(n) / loglogn). This shows that the recent natural looking O(nlogn) bound is not tight.
The black-box optimization algorithm leading to this bound can be implemented in a way that only 3-ary unbiased variation operators are used. Hence our bound is also valid for the unbiased black-box complexity recently introduced by Lehre and Witt. The bound also remains valid if we impose the additional restriction that the black-box algorithm does not have access to the objective values but only to their relative order (ranking-based black-box complexity).
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Doerr, B., Winzen, C. (2012). Black-Box Complexity: Breaking the O(n logn) Barrier of LeadingOnes. In: Hao, JK., Legrand, P., Collet, P., Monmarché, N., Lutton, E., Schoenauer, M. (eds) Artificial Evolution. EA 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7401. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35533-2_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35533-2_18
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