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Pediatric Stones

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Book cover Clinical Management of Urolithiasis

Abstract

When compared with adult population, with an overall 1–2% incidence, urinary stone disease in children is relatively rare but often associated with well-defined metabolic abnormalities that can lead to recurrent stone episodes, emphasizing the necessity of a complete metabolic evaluation after the first stone episode. The objective of stone management in children should be complete stone clearance, prevention of stone recurrence and regrowth, preservation of renal functions, control of UTIs, correction of anatomic abnormalities, and correction of the underlying metabolic disorders. Regarding the management of stone-forming children for metaphylaxis, there is a great choice of different treatment modalities, on which the clinicians have to decide about based on metabolic evaluation, stone analysis data, as well as the frequency of stone events. The evaluation of metabolic risk factor in children with renal stone disease is the basis of medical treatment aimed at preventing recurrent stone events and the growth of preexisting calculi. In addition to the general and specific medical measures, surgical treatment is needed in most of the cases in order to obtain a stone-free status by removing the stone out. With recent advances in technology, stone management has changed from an open surgical approach to less invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and endoscopic techniques. Currently, the majority of stones in children can be managed either with shock-wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or ureterorenoscopy, or a combination of these modalities where open surgery is currently needed in a limited percent of all cases. Improvements in the technology and growing experience have resulted in greater acceptance of such minimally invasive techniques for the management of urinary calculi in this specific population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey

    Kemal Sarica M.D.

  2. Department of Urology, Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Rahim Horuz M.D.

Authors
  1. Kemal Sarica M.D.
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  2. Rahim Horuz M.D.
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Correspondence to Kemal Sarica M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Urologie, Klinikum Sindelfingen-Böblingen, Arthur-Gruber-Str. 70, Sindelfingen, 71065, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Thomas Knoll

  2. Center, Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical, 5323 Harry Hines, Blvd, Dallas, 75390, Texas, USA

    Margaret S. Pearle

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© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Sarica, K., Horuz, R. (2013). Pediatric Stones. In: Knoll, T., Pearle, M. (eds) Clinical Management of Urolithiasis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28732-9_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28732-9_14

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