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Nanomechanics of Yeast Surfaces Revealed by AFM

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Book cover Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3

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Abstract

Despite the large and well-documented characterization of the microbial cell wall in terms of chemical composition, the determination of the mechanical properties of surface molecules in relation to their function remains a key challenge in cell biology.The emergence of powerful tools allowing molecular manipulations has already revolutionized our understanding of the surface properties of fungal cells. At the frontier between nanophysics and molecular biology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and more specifically single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), has strongly contributed to our current knowledge of the cell wall organization and nanomechanical properties. However, due to the complexity of the technique, measurements on live cells are still at their infancy.In this chapter, we describe the cell wall composition and recapitulate the principles of AFM as well as the main current methodologies used to perform AFM measurements on live cells, including sample immobilization and tip functionalization.The current status of the progress in probing nanomechanics of the yeast surface is illustrated through three recent breakthrough studies. Determination of the cell wall nanostructure and elasticity is presented through two examples: the mechanical response of mannoproteins from brewing yeasts and elasticity measurements on lacking polysaccharide mutant strains. Additionally, an elegant study on force-induced unfolding and clustering of adhesion proteins located at the cell surface is also presented.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Foundation for Scientific Research (FNRS) and the Université Catholique de Louvain. D.A. is a postdoctoral researcher of the FNRS. E.D. is a researcher of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The authors thank Childérick Severac for careful and critical reading of the chapter.

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  1. CNRS UPR8001, LAAS, Toulouse, France

    Etienne Dague

  2. Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Audrey Beaussart & David Alsteens

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  1. Etienne Dague
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  1. , Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- &, Ohio State University, West 19th Avenue 201, Columbus, 43210-1142, Ohio, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

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Dague, E., Beaussart, A., Alsteens, D. (2012). Nanomechanics of Yeast Surfaces Revealed by AFM. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25414-7_7

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