Skip to main content

Fuels in Transportation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1923 Accesses

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

In 1900, there were no gas stations—blacksmiths and pharmacists sold the fuel. People first used petrol for lighting and later to lubricate machine tools.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tugendhat C (1972) Erdöl, Rohwolt Verlag. ISBN 3-499-16775-1

    Google Scholar 

  2. World CO2 emissions. Energy Information Administration/International Energy Outlook 2001, based on EIA, International Energy Annual 1999, DOE/EIA 0219(99) Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  3. Combustion Values Fuel Gases. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html

  4. Approximative Heating Value of Common Fuels. http://www.hrt.msu.edu/energy/pdf/heating%20value%20of%20common%20fuels.pdf

  5. Kraftstoffe für Straßenfahrzeuge. Grundlagen. Fachreihe Forschung und Technik. Aral. Bochum 1998. http://www.aral.de

  6. ÖNORM EN 228: Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge-Unverbleite Otto-Kraftstoffe-Aufforderungen und Prüfverfahren. Automotive fuels- Unleaded petrol-Requirements and test methods. 01.01.2009

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gasoline FAQ-Part 1 of 4. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/autos/gasolinegasoline-faq/part1/

  8. Fuels and fuel additives. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/index.htm

  9. Passenger cars & light freight trucks 2011/2012. Worldwide Emissions Standards. Delphi Innovation for the Real World. http://www.dephi.com

  10. World Trade Organization: United States-Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline. WT/DS2/AB/R. AB1996-1. Report of the Appellate Body

    Google Scholar 

  11. Absi-Halabi M, Beshara J, Qabazard M, Stanislaus A (1995) Catalysts in petroleum refining and petrochemical industries. Elservier. ISBN 0-444-82381-6

    Google Scholar 

  12. EN 590. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//EN_590

  13. Distillation of Petroleum. http://www.roughneckchronicles.com/oilindustry/distillationofpetroleum.html

  14. Anforderungen der DIN EN 590 an Dieselkraftstoff. http://www.tcs-schwyz.ch/cms/images/stories/PDF-Dokumente/Dieselnorm_EN590.pdf

  15. Heavy Duty & Off-Road Vehicles 2010/2011. Worldwide Emissions Standards. Delphi Innovation for the Real World. http://www.dephi.com

  16. CNG. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas

  17. Liquefied natural gas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

  18. Liquefied petroleum gas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas

  19. Hydrogen fuel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_fuel

  20. Der Wasserstoff, der Stoff, aus dem die Träume sind (2009) ADAC Motorwelt 12, pp 30–32. http://www.adac.de

  21. Synthetic fuel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuel

  22. World Coal Association. Coal to liquids. http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-of-coal/coal-to-liquids/

  23. Dahmen N, Dinjus E, Henrich E (2008) Synthetic fuels from the biomass. ISBN: 978-3-527-408047

    Google Scholar 

  24. Biofuel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel

  25. Bio Alcohol Fuel Foundation. Welcome to the Bio Alcohol Fuel Foundation. http://www.baff.info/english/

  26. Biodiesel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel

  27. Alcohol fuel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_fuel

  28. Dimethyl ether. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_ether

  29. Hielscher—Ultrasound Technology. http://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/oil_nox_reduction.htm?gclid=CNL34Zjxx6sCFQlXmAodXnI-0A

  30. Fatty acid methyl ester. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty-acid_ethyl_...

  31. Lubricity benefits. National Biodiesel Board. http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/Lubricity.pdf

  32. The engineering tool box. Fluids—kinematic viscosities. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?D7=0&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO%7CBRAND_KEY&N4=85416%7CFLUKA&N25=0&QS=ON&F=SPEC

  33. Kerosene. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene

  34. Aviation jet fuel information. http://www.csgnetwork.com/jetfuel.html

  35. Common aviation fuels, Mogas. http://www.experimentalaircraft.info/homebuilt-aircraft/aviation-fuel-mogas.php

  36. International standards and recommended practices. Environmental protection. Annex 16, to the convention international civil aviation. Vol. II. Aircraft Engine Emissions. 2nd edn, July 1993

    Google Scholar 

  37. Penner JE, Lister DH, Griggs DJ, Dokken DJ, Mc Farrland M (1999) Aviation and the global atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0-521-66404-7

    Google Scholar 

  38. Methanol. http://de.wkipedia.org/wiki/Methanol

  39. Ethanol. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

  40. Ökosprit-Flug im Jahr 2012. Aero International. Hamburg. No. 01/2010, pp 36. http://www.aerointernational.de

  41. Criogenic fuel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_fuel

  42. Use of biofuels and hydrogen in navigation. http://www.downloads.theccc.org.uk/Aviation%20Report%2009/21667B%20CCC%20Chapter%205.pdf

  43. The Biodiesel Standard ASTM D 6751. http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/oems/

  44. Ministry of defense: Defense standards 91-91. 8 April 2008. Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosene Type, Jet A-1, NATO Code: F-35. http://www.seta-analytics.com/documents/DEF_STAN_91-91_R6.pdf

  45. Mixing ethanol in aviation fuel. http://www.airliners.net/aviation-forums/tech_ops/read.main/127922/

  46. ISO 8216-1:2010. Petroleum Products—Fuels (class F) classification—Part 1: Categories of marine fuels

    Google Scholar 

  47. Marinedieselöl. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinedieselöl

  48. Fuel oil. http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/Fuel_oil

  49. In-use marine diesel fuels. EPAA420-R-99-027. August 1999. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/marine/ci/fr/dfuelrpt.pdf

  50. ISO 8217 Fuel standards. For marine distillate fuels and for marine residual fuels. http://www.dnv.com/industry/maritime/servicessolutions/fueltesting/fuelqualitytesting/iso8217fuelstandard.asp

  51. Schweröl. http://de/wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweröl

  52. Residual Fuel Oil (HFO). http://www.Kittiwake.com/1_3_residual_fuel_oil_h...

  53. DNV: Systems and Arrangement for Meeting Regulations in Emissions Control Areas (ECA). Rules for Classification of Ships. http://www.exchange.dnv.com/publishing/RulesShip/2011-01/ts625.pdf

  54. Heavy Cycle Oil (HCO). Houston Refining. 11 Jan 2008. http://www.lyondellbasell.com/techlit/techlit/refining/REV-AP0881_HEAVY_CYCLE_OIL.pdf

  55. The renewable energy directive—a close up. http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/00_POLICY_document/RES_Directive_special.pdf

  56. Gas to liquids. http://www.chemlink.com.au/gtl.htm

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Palocz-Andresen, M. (2013). Fuels in Transportation. In: Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11976-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11976-7_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-11975-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-11976-7

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics