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Applied Neurophysiological Concepts in Orthodontics

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The Neurobiology of Orthodontics

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Abstract

This chapter presents certain neurophysiological concepts that could be used as adjunctive therapeutic modalities within the framework of a comprehensive approach geared to the management of oral neuromuscular dysfunction in malocclusion of the teeth. Our challenge is to understand the nature of the central nervous system's mechanisms that integrate the orofacial sensory input and create the appropriate motor output. For example, functional jaw orthopedic appliances that reposition the mandible and create a more favorable environment for the developing dentition and growth of the skeleton rely upon the input of muscle spindles, temporomandibular joint receptors, pacini corpuscles, etc. Also a distinct group of periodontal receptors may be actively involved in the regulation of the posture of the tongue. The position of the anterior teeth may be critical in determining the anterior boundary of tongue posture. This raises again the old question of the equilibrium theory of tooth position. Another important consideration is that the forward posture of the tongue is "tuned" to the respiratory rhythm. Changes in respiratory rhythm may influence tongue-thrusting activity that occurs in certain open bite malocclusions.

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  1. Marathonos Street 22, 152 33, Halandri, Athens, Greece

    Dr Margaritis Z. Pimenidis

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Pimenidis, M.Z. (2009). Applied Neurophysiological Concepts in Orthodontics. In: The Neurobiology of Orthodontics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00396-7_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00396-7_8

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