The Baltic Sea (Fig. 1.1) stretches from the Gulf of Finland to the Kattegat over 1,200 km in the east—west direction and from Odra Bay to Bothnian Bay near the polar circle over 1,300 km in the north—south direction. It covers an area of 415,266 km2 and has a water volume of approximately 21,000 km3. Traditionally, it has been divided into five main regions (Table 1.1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agrell C, Larsson P, Okla L, Agrell J (2002) PCB congeners in precipitation, wash out ratios and depositional fluxes within the Baltic Sea region, Europe. Atmos Environ 36:371–383
Andersson A, Hajdu S, Haecky P, Kuparinen J, Wikner J (1996) Succession and growth limitation of phytoplankton in the Gulf of Bothnian (Baltic Sea). Mar Biol 126:791–801
Carman R, Cederwall H (2001) Sediments and macrofauna in the Baltic Sea–characteristics, nutrient contents and distribution. In: Wulff F, Rahm LA, Larsson PA (eds) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 289–327
Fonselius S (1996) Västerhavets och Östersjöns oceanografi, Norrköping. SMHI Reports
Granéli E, Schulz S, Schiewer U, Gedziorwska D, Kaiser W, Plinski M (1988) Is the same nutrient limiting potential phytoplankton biomass formation in different coastal areas of the southern Baltic? Kiel Meeresforsch Sonderh 6:191–202
Grimvall A, Stalnacke P (2001) Riverine inputs to the Baltic Sea. In: Wulff F, Rahm LA, Larsson PA (eds) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 113–132
Hagström A, Azam F, Kuparinen J, Zweifel U-L (2001) Pelagic plankton growth and resource limitation in the Baltic sea. In: Wulff F, Rahm LA, Larsson PA (eds) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 177–210
Hakanson L, Jansson M (1983) Principles of lake sedimentology. Springer, Berlin
Heiskanen A-S (1998) Factors governing sedimentation and pelagic nutrient cycles in the northern Baltic Sea. Monogr Boreal Environ Res 8:1–80
Heiskanen A-S, Kononen K (1994) Sedimentation of vernal and late summer phytoplankton communities in the coastal Baltic Sea. Arch Hydrobiol 131:175–198
HELCOM (1998) The 3rd Baltic Sea pollution load compilation. Baltic Sea Environ Proc 70:1–133
HELCOM (2001) Environment of the Baltic Sea area 1994–1998. Baltic Sea Environ Proc 82A:1–24
Hübel H (1984) Die Bindung molekularen Stickstoffs durch autotrophe und heterotrophe Mikroorganismen in Küstengewässern der DDR und einigen Stationen der Ostsee. Habil-Arbeit, E-M Arndt Universität, Greifswald
Jonsson P, Carman R (1994) Changes in deposition of organic matter and nutrients in the Baltic Sea during the twentieth century. Mar Pollut Bull 19:417–426
Kononen K, Kuparinen J, Maekelae K, Laanemets J, Pavelson J, Nommann S (1996) Initiation of cyanobacterial blooms in a frontal region at the entrance of the Gulf Finland, Baltic Sea. Limnol Oceanogr 41:98–112
Kremling K (1995) Ionenanomalien. In: Rheinheimer G (ed) Meereskunde der Ostsee, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 88–90
Kremp A, Heiskanen A-S (1999) Sexuality and cyst formation of the spring-bloom dinoflagellate Scrippsiella hangoei in the coastal northern Baltic Sea. Mar Biol 134:771–777
Kuparinen J (1984) Annual and seasonal fluctuation of primary productivity and overall respiration in a pelagic plankton community off Tvärminne, SW coast of Finland. Ophelia 3:111–122
Kuparinen J, Heinänen A (1993) Inorganic nutrient and carbon controlled bacterioplankton growth in the Baltic Sea. Estuarine Coast Shelf Sci 37:271–285
Laine A, Albertsson J, Katajisto J, Rissanen H, Luokkanen E, Kronholm M (2005) Integrated management system for the Bothnian Bay. Verh Int Verein Limnol 29:869–872
Lampe R (1995) Küstentypen. In: Rheinheimer G (ed) Meereskunde der Ostsee, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 17–24
Lassig J, Leppaenen J-M, Niemi A, Tamelander G (1978) Phytoplankton primary production in the Gulf of Bothnia in 1972–1975 as compared with other parts of the Baltic Sea. Finn Mar Res 244:101–115
Leppäkoski E (2002) Harmful non-native species in the Baltic Sea–an ignored problem. In: Schernewski G, Schiewer U (eds) Baltic coastal ecosystems. Springer, Berlin
Lignell R (1990) Excretion of organic carbon by phytoplankton: its relation to algal biomass, primary productivity and bacterial secondary productivity in the Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 68:85–99
Martens C-S (1978) Some of the chemical consequences of microbially mediated degradation of organic materials in estuarine sediments. Biogeochemistry of Estuarine Sediments. In: Proceedings of UNESCO/SCOR workshop, Melreux, Belgium, 29 November–3 December 1976, pp 266–278
Meyer-Reil L-A (1995) Mikrobiologie des Benthos. In: Rheinheimer G (ed) Meereskunde der Ostsee, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 181–188
Nielsen R, Kristiansen A, Mathiesen L, Mathiesen H (1995) Distributional index of the benthic macroalgae of the Baltic Sea area. Acta Bot Fenn 155:1–51
Rahm L, Danielsson A (2001) Statistical analysis of spatial and temporal variations in the Baltic Sea. In: Wulff F, Rahm LA, Larsson PA (eds) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 329–351
Remane A (1955) Die Brackwasser-Submergenz und die Umkomposition der Coenosen in Belt- und Ostsee. Kiel Meeresforsch 11:59–73
Rheinheimer G (ed) (1995) Meereskunde der Ostsee, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
Rönnberg C, Bonsdorff E (2004) Baltic Sea eutrophication: area-specific ecological consequences. In: Kautsky H, Snoeijs P (eds) 17th BMB Symposium. Kluwer, Stockholm, pp 227–241
Rumohr H (1996) Veränderungen des Lebens am Meeresboden. In: Lozán JL, Lampe R, Matthäus W, Rachor E, Rumohr H, Westernhagen H von (eds) Warnsignale aus der Ostsee. Parey, Berlin, pp 162–168
Samuelsson K, Andersson A (2003) Predation limitation in the pelagic microbial food web in an oligotrophic aquatic system. Aquat Microb Ecol 30:239–250
Savchuk O, Wulff FV (2001) A model of the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Baltic. In: Wulff F, Rahm LA, Larsson PA (eds) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 373–415
Schwenke H (1995) Phytobenthos. In: Rheinheimer G (ed) Meereskunde der Ostsee, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 163–172
Sommer U (1985) Comparison between steady state and non steady state competition: experiments with natural phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 30:335–346
Tamminen T, Kaitala S, Kivi K, Kuparinen J (1985) Response of planktonic brackish water community to single and combined addition of ammonium and phosphate in a factorial mesocosm experiment. In: Gray JS, Christiansen ME (eds) Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress on marine organisms. Wiley, New York, pp 363–378
Thiel R, Winkler H, Urho L (1996) Zur Veränderung der Fischfauna. In: Lozán JL, Lampe R, Matthäus W, Rachor E, Rumohr H, Westernhagen H von (eds) Warnsignale aus der Ostsee. Parey, Berlin, pp 181–188
Tiesel R (1995) Das Wetter. In: Rheinheimer G (ed) Meereskunde der Ostsee, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 46–55
Wallström K, Johansson S, Larsson U (1992) Effects of nutrient enrichment on planktonic blue-green algae in the Baltic Sea. Acta Phytogeogr Suec 78:25–31
Wikner J (1996) State of marine environment of the Baltic Sea regions. Gulf of Bothnia. In: HELCOM 1996. Third periodic Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea, 1989–1993; background document. Baltic Sea Environ Proc 64B
Winterthaler B, Flodén T, Ignatius H, Axberg A, Niemistö L (1981) Geology of the Baltic Sea. Elsevier Oceanography Series, Amsterdam
Wulff, F, Ærtebjerg G, Nicolaus G, Niemi Å, Ciszewski P, Schulz S, Kaiser W (1987) Pelagic biology. In: Lassig J (ed) First periodic assessment of the state of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea area 1980–1985; background document. Baltic Sea Environ Proc 17B. Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Helsinki Commission, Helsinki, pp 216–255
Wulff FV, Rahm LA, Larsson PA (eds) (2001) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Berlin
Zenkevitch L (1963) Biology of the seas of the U.S.S.R. Allen & Unwin, London
Zweifel UL, Norrman B, Hagström A (1993) Consumption of dissolved organic carbon by marine bacteria and demand for inorganic nutrients. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 101:23–32
Zweifel UL, Wikner J, Hagström A, Lundberg E, Norrman B (1995) Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in a coastal ecosystem. Limnol Oceanogr 40:299–305
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schiewer, U. (2008). Introduction. In: Schiewer, U. (eds) Ecology of Baltic Coastal Waters. Ecological Studies, vol 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73524-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73524-3_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73523-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73524-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)