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Quasiparticle and Excitonic Effects in the Optical Response of Nanotubes and Nanoribbons

  • Chapter
Carbon Nanotubes

Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Physics ((TAP,volume 111))

Abstract

This chapter discusses the effects of many-electron interactions in thephotophysics of nanotubes and their consequences on measured properties. The basictheory and key physical differences between two common types of electronicexcitations are developed: single-particle excitations (quasiparticles) measured intransport or photoemission experiments, and electron–hole pair excitations (excitonicstates) measured in optical experiments. We show, through first-principlescalculations, that both quasiparticle and excitonic effects are crucial in understandingthe optical response of the carbon nanotubes. These effects change qualitatively thenature of the photoexcited states, leading to extraordinarily strongly boundexcitons in both semiconducting and metallic nanotubes and explaining theso-called “ratio problem” in carbon-nanotube spectroscopy. Using simplifiedmodels parameterized by the first-principles results, the diameter and familydependences of the exciton properties in carbon nanotubes are further elucidated.We also analyze the symmetries of excitons and their selection rules forone- and two-photon spectroscopy. A method for calculating the radiativelifetime of excitons in carbon nanotubes is also described. In addition, webriefly discuss the effects of pressure and temperature on optical transitions.Finally, we show that many-electron effects are equally dominant in theexcitation spectra of other quasi-one-dimensional systems, including theboron-nitride nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires, and graphene nanoribbons.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Integrated Science and Engineeringand Center for Electron Transport in Molecular Nanostructures, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA

    Catalin D. Spataru

  2. Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, 06520, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Sohrab Ismail-Beigi

  3. Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal doRio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, RJ 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Rodrigo B. Capaz

  4. Divisãode Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização eQualidade Industrial - Inmetro, R. Nossa Senhora das Graças 50, RJ 25245-020, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil

    Rodrigo B. Capaz

  5. Department of Physics, Universityof California at Berkeley, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Steven G. Louie

  6. Materials ScienceDivision, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Steven G. Louie

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  1. Catalin D. Spataru
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  2. Sohrab Ismail-Beigi
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  3. Rodrigo B. Capaz
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  4. Steven G. Louie
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Correspondence to Catalin D. Spataru .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 30.123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Ado Jorio

  2. Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139-4307, Cambridge, MA

    Gene Dresselhaus

  3. Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139-4307, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Mildred S. Dresselhaus

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Spataru, C.D., Ismail-Beigi, S., Capaz, R.B., Louie, S.G. (2007). Quasiparticle and Excitonic Effects in the Optical Response of Nanotubes and Nanoribbons. In: Jorio, A., Dresselhaus, G., Dresselhaus, M.S. (eds) Carbon Nanotubes. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 111. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72865-8_6

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