Abstract
Enterprises often embed decision-making processes in procedures in order to address issues in all cases. However, procedures often lead to sub-optimal solutions for any specific decision. As a consequence, each actor develops the practice of addressing decision making in a specific context. Actors contextualize decision making when enterprises are obliged to decontextualize decision making to limit the number of procedures and cover whole classes of decision-making processes by generalization. Practice modeling is not easy because there are as many practices as contexts of occurrence. This chapter proposes a way to deal effectively with practices. Based on a conceptual framework for dealing with context, we present a context-based representation formalism for modeling decision making and its realization by actors. This formalism is called contextual graphs and is discussed using the example of modeling car drivers’ behaviors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bellet, T., H. Tattegrain-Veste and A. Bonnard, “Risk of Collision and Behavior Adequacy Assessment for Managing Human-Machine Interaction,” in 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Nevada, USA, July, 2005.
Brézillon, P., “Context needs in cooperative building of explanations,” in First European Conference on Cognitive Science in Industry, Luxembourg, 1994, pp. 443-450.
Brézillon, P., “Focusing on context in human-centered computing,” IEEE Intell Syst, 18(3), 2003, 62-66.
Brézillon, P., “Task-realization models in Contextual Graphs,” in Dey, A., Kokinov, B., Leake, D. and Turner, R. (eds.), Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT-05), LNCS 3554. Springer Verlag, 2005, pp. 55-68.
Brézillon, P. and J.A. Gonzalez, “Tale of two context-based formalisms for representing human knowledge,” in Ali, M. and Dapoigny, R. (eds.), IEA/AIE 2006, LNAI 4031. Springer Verlag, 2006, pp. 137-145.
Brézillon, P. and J.-Ch. Pomerol, “User acceptance of interactive systems: Lessons from Knowledge-Based and Decision Support Systems. Failures & Lessons Learned,” Inform Tech Manage, 1(1), 1997, 67-75.
Brézillon, P. and J.-Ch. Pomerol, “Contextual knowledge sharing and cooperation in intelligent assistant systems,” Le Travail Humain, 62(3), 1999, 223-246.
Brézillon, P., M. Cavalcanti, R. Naveiro and J.-Ch. Pomerol, “SART: An intelligent assistant for subway control,” Pesquisa Operacional, Braz Oper Res Soc, 20(2), 2000, 247-268.
Brézillon, P., J.-Ch. Pomerol and L. Pasquier, “Chapter 6: Learning and explanation in a context-based representation: Application to incident solving on subway lines,” in Jain, R., Abraham, A., Faucher, C. and van der Zwaag, J. (eds.), Innovations in Knowledge Engineering, International Series on Advanced Intelligence, 2003, pp. 129-149.
Brézillon, P., J. Brézillon and J.-Ch. Pomerol, “Decision making at a crossroad: a negotiation of contexts,” in Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Computing and Decision Making in Civil and Building Engineering, ISBN 2-921145-58-8, 2006, pp. 2574-2583.
Campbell, B. and J. Goodman, “HAM: A General Purpose Hypertext Abstract Machine,” Commun ACM, 31(7), 1988, 856–861.
Clancey, W.J., “Model construction operators,” Artif Int J, 53, 1992, 1-115.
Compton, P. and B. Jansen, “Knowledge in context. A strategy for expert system maintenance,” in Siekmann, J. (ed.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1988, pp. 37-49.
Forslund, G., “Toward cooperative advice-giving systems. The expert systems experience,” Ph.D. dissertation, Linkoping University, Sweden, 1995.
GADGET, An EU-project, “Guarding Automobile Drivers through Guidance, Education and Technology,” in Siegrist, S. (ed.), WP 3 report. Switzerland: BFU, 1999.
Gonzales, A.J. and R.H. Ahlers, “Context-based representation of intelligent behaviour in training simulations,” T Soc Comput Simul, 15(4), 1998, 153-166.
Grimshaw, D.J., P.L. Mott and S.A. Roberts, “The role of context in decision making: some implications for database design,” Eur J Inform Syst, 6(2), 1997, 122-128.
Gruber, T., “Justification-based knowledge acquisition,” in Motoda, H., Mizoguchi, R., Boose, J. and Gaines, B. (eds.), Knowledge. Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS, 1991, pp. 81-97.
Hendrix, G., “Expanding the utility of semantic networks through partitioning,” in Proceedings of the Fourth IJCAI, 1975, pp. 115-121.
Henninger, S., “The knowledge acquisition trap,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applying Artificial Intelligence to Software Problems: Assessing Promises and Pitfalls (CAIA-92), Monterey, Canada, March, 1992.
Laird, J.E., A. Newell and P.S. Rosenbloom, “SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence,” Artif Int, 33, 1987, 1-64.
Leplat, J. and J.M. Hoc, “Tâche et activité dans l’analyse psychologique des situations,” Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 3, 1983, 49-63.
McCarthy, J., “Notes on formalizing context,” in Proceedings of the 13th IJCAI, 1, 1993, pp. 555–560.
Pomerol, J.-Ch., “Artificial Intelligence and Human Decision Making,” Eur J Oper Res, 99, 1997, 3-25.
Pomerol, J.-Ch., “Scenario development and practical decision making under uncertainty,” Decis Support Syst, 31, 2001, 197-204.
Pomerol, J.-Ch., P. Brézillon and L. Pasquier, “Operational knowledge representation for practical decision making,” J Manage Inform Syst, 18(4), 2002, 101-116.
Schank, R.C., Dynamic memory, a theory of learning in computers and people. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Sowa, J.F., Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole, 2000.
Van Elsandre, P., “Dynamique des connaissances, catégorisation et attentes dans une conduite humaine située,” Ph.D. dissertation, Université Paris V, 2001.
Vergnaud, G., “Concepts et schèmes dans la théorie opératoire de la représentation. Les Représentation,” Psychologie Française, 30(3), 1985, 245-252.
Watson, I. and S.A. Perera, “Hierarchical case representation using context guided retrieval,” Knowl Based Syst J, 11(5-6), 2000, 285-292.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brézillon, P., Brézillon, J. (2008). Context-Sensitive Decision Support Systems in Road Safety. In: Handbook on Decision Support Systems 2. International Handbooks Information System. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48716-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48716-6_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-48715-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48716-6
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)