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Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems pp 115–160Cite as

Biosensors for Aquatic Toxicology Evaluation

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC5,volume 5J))

There is an increasing need for effective tools to estimate the risks derived from the large number of pollutants released to the environment by human activities. These studies need the combination of chemical analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation. Environmental toxicology is the qualitative and quantitative study of the adverse effects of anthropogenic and naturally occurring chemical stressors.

Initial aquatic ecotoxicology studies were based on acute toxicity measurements of vertebrates. However, these methods suffer some standardization problems, are expensive, time-consuming, and moreover, are associated with ethical problems. For this reason new technologies for ecotoxicological studies, such as embryo tests, micro invertebrates, algae, micro organisms, cell lines and tissues, biochemical reactions and nucleic acids, were launched.

Biological tools like bio-analytical systems, bioassays, biomarkers and biosensors provide us with detection systems for signalling a potential damage in the environment. Early recognition will prevent eventual damage to environmental matrices. Ideally, early warning signals in ecosystems using sensing systems (biosensors) and biochemical responses (biomarkers) as well as the classical effect-related bioassays would not only tell us the initial levels of damage, but these signals will also provide us with answers for the development of control strategies and precautionary measures.

Herein new trends in ecotoxicity assessment will be reviewed with special emphasis on principles, advantages and limitations of biosensors for environmental toxicology assessment in the aquatic environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Catalan Institute of Water Research, ICRA C/Pic de Peguera, 15, Girona, 17003, Spain

    Damià Barceló

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  1. Marinella Farré
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  2. Damià Barceló
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  1. Department of Ecotoxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Franklinstrasse 29 (OE4), Berlin, 10587, Gemany

    Peter-Diedrich Hansen

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Farré, M., Barceló, D. (2009). Biosensors for Aquatic Toxicology Evaluation. In: Barceló, D., Hansen, PD. (eds) Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 5J. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36253-1_5

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