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The Second Law and the Difference Between Past and Future

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Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice ((BRIEFSTEXTS,volume 22))

Abstract

This short paper was originally published in the Annalen der Physik, 36 (1939). I include it here because it is the first and most systematic discussion of an idea to which the other essays often allude: the idea of basing irreversibility on the structure of time. When I wrote the paper I was under the impression of having stated a fairly obvious matter, obvious especially to every empiricist or positivist, since I merely pose the question of in what manner temporal processes are given to us. I was somewhat astonished to find that the idea seemed rather foreign to most physicists. It plays a decisive role in the course of our further arguments (cf. II.5b).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Annalen der Physik, vol. 428 (5. Folge, vol. 36), (1939): 275–283. It was included in: Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1980). It is a translation of: Die Einheit der Natur (Munich: Hanser, 1971): II.2 by Francis J. Zucker (ed.MD).

  2. 2.

    See Willard Gibbs (1902/1960).

  3. 3.

    These reflections were stimulated by N. Bohr's interpretation of Gibbs's ideas, mentioned in discussions and hinted at in his Faraday Lecture (Journal of the Chemical Society, 1932: 376f). Analogous ideas were developed by M. Bronstein and L. Landau (1933) who drew incorrect conclusions from them, however.

  4. 4.

    See Boltzmann (1964).

  5. 5.

    From a somewhat different point of view, M. Bronstein and L. Landau (cf. footnote 3 above) throw light on this matter by noting that a fluctuation would give rise to an observer without a surrounding world much more frequently than it would give rise to the entire world known to us; so that no explanation is being offered for why we should be observing such an enormous fluctuation.

  6. 6.

    See C. F. von Weizsäcker (1938).

References

  • Willard Gibbs, J., 1902/1960: Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics (New York: Charles Scribner & Sons/Dover Publications): 150–151.

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  • Boltzmann, L., 1964: Lectures on Gas Theory, Translated by S. G. Brush (Berkeley: University of California Press). (§90).

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  • von Weizsäcker, C. F., 1938: in: Physikalische Zeitschrift, 39: 633.

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von Weizsäcker, C.F. (2014). The Second Law and the Difference Between Past and Future. In: Drieschner, M. (eds) Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker: Major Texts in Physics. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice(), vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03668-7_5

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