Abstract
Two prominent methods of converting raw material into a product have been metal forming and machining. Metal forming involves changing the shape of the material by permanent plastic deformation. After converting non-porous metal into product form by metal forming processes, the mass as well as the volume remains unchanged. However, in the case of metal forming of porous metal, volume does not remain unchanged. The advantages of metal forming processes include no wastage of the raw material, better mechanical properties of the product and faster production rate. Machining is the process of removing the material in the form of chips by means of a wedge shaped tool. In ductile materials, a significant amount of plastic deformation occurs before the material fractures. In brittle materials, very little plastic deformation takes place. Hence, the mechanics of machining is quite different for ductile and brittle materials. In machining, the work-piece is subjected to shear, bending and compression by the tool. Combined loading effects as well as heat generation due to plastic deformation and friction influences the chip formation. Removal of metal in the form of chips causes wastage of the material, but machining can achieve good surface finish and dimensional accuracy. As a result of machining, the material properties are altered only at the surface or just below it. Even complex shapes can be produced with economy, thanks to computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines.
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(2008). Metal Forming and Machining Processes. In: Modeling of Metal Forming and Machining Processes. Engineering Materials and Processes. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-189-3_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-189-3_1
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