Abstract
Nutritional blindness is a term used to describe xerophthalmia (from the Greek xeros, dry, and ophthalmia, inflamed eye) and keratomalacia, or corneal necrosis, caused by vitamin A deficiency. According to estimates of the World Health Organization (WHO), nutritional blindness remains the leading single cause of blindness among children worldwide (1,2). Xerophthalmia and keratomalacia are only one aspect of a more complex deficiency disease, known as the vitamin A deficiency disorders, that includes anemia, growth retardation, immune suppression, inflammation, and increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Nutritional blindness is best understood in the context of the larger syndrome of the vitamin A deficiency disorders, as the factors that may precipitate nutritional blindness are intricately tied to the problems of infectious diseases, hygiene, poor nutrition, and poverty. Young children and women of reproductive age are at the highest risk of vitamin A deficiency, and programs are currently focused on reaching these two high risk groups. The elimination of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries is one of the major challenges in public health and ophthalmology, as the blindness, morbidity, and mortality from the vitamin A deficiency disorders are largely preventable.
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(2007). Nutritional Blindness (Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders). In: Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-979-0_1
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