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Echocardiography

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Abstract

Echocardiography is the evaluation of cardiac structures and function utilizing images produced by ultrasound (US) energy. Echocardiography started as a crude one-dimensional technique but has evolved into one that images in two and three dimensions (2-D, 3-D) and that can be performed from the chest wall, from the esophagus, and from within vascular structures. Clinically useful M-mode recordings became available in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the mid-1970s, linear-array scanners that could produce 2-D images of the beating heart were developed. Eventually, these evolved into the phased-array instruments currently in use. In addition to 2-D imaging, the Doppler examination has become an essential component of the complete echocardiographic evaluation. Doppler US technology blossomed in the early 1980s with the development of pulsed-wave (PW), continuous-wave (CW), and 2-D color-flow imaging. The field of cardiac US continues to grow rapidly: recent clinical additions include 3-D imaging, harmonic imaging, and contrast echocardiography.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Diego

    Daniel G. Blanchard MD, FACC (Professor of Medicine, Director, Chief)

  2. School of Medicine, and UCSD Medical Center, USA

    Daniel G. Blanchard MD, FACC (Professor of Medicine, Director, Chief)

  3. Cardiology Fellowship Program, USA

    Daniel G. Blanchard MD, FACC (Professor of Medicine, Director, Chief)

  4. Clinical Cardiology, UCSD Thornton Hospital, San Diego, CA

    Daniel G. Blanchard MD, FACC (Professor of Medicine, Director, Chief)

  5. Medicine, Judith and Jack White Chair in Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego

    Anthony N. DeMaria MD (Professor, Director)

  6. School of Medicine, USA

    Anthony N. DeMaria MD (Professor, Director)

  7. Cardiovascular Center, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, CA

    Anthony N. DeMaria MD (Professor, Director)

Authors
  1. Daniel G. Blanchard MD, FACC
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  2. Anthony N. DeMaria MD
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medicine, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

    Clive Rosendorff MD, PhD, FRCP (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY

    Clive Rosendorff MD, PhD, FRCP (Professor) (Professor)

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© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Blanchard, D.G., DeMaria, A.N. (2005). Echocardiography. In: Rosendorff, C. (eds) Essential Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-918-9_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-918-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-370-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-918-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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