Abstract
relative time period: Follows the Early Highland Andean Archaic tradition, and precedes the Highland Andean Formative tradition.
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Suggested Readings
Aldenderfer, M. (1989). “The Archaic Period in the South-Central Andes.”Journal of World Prehistory 3: 117–158.
Aldenderfer, M. (1998).Montane Foragers: Asana and the South-Central Andean Archaic. Ames: University of Iowa Press.
Aldenderfer, M. (in press).Quelcatani: The Evolution of a Pastoral Lifeway. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Baied, C., and J. Wheeler (1993). “Evolution of High Andean Puna Ecosystems: Environment, Climate, and Culture Change over the Last 12,000 Years in the Central Andes.”Mountain Research and Development 13: 145–156.
Browman, D. (1989). “Origins and Development of Andean Pastoralism: An Overview of the Past 6000 Years.” InThe Walking Larder. Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism, and Predation, ed. J. Clutton-Brock. London: Unwin Hyman, 258–268.
Burger, Richard L., and Lucy Salazar Burger (1986). “Early Organizational Diversity in the Peruvian Highlands: Huaricoto and Kotosh.” InAndean Archaeology: Papers in Memory of Clifford Evans, ed. R. Matos M., S. A. Turpin, and H. H. Eling Jr. Institute of Archaeology Monograph 27. Los Angeles: University of California, 65-82.
Kuznar, L. (2001). “An Introduction to Andean Religious Ethnoarchaeology: Preliminary Results and Future Directions”. InEthnoarchaeology in Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory, ed. L. Kuznar. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory, 38–66.
Lynch, T. (1980).Guitarrero Cave: Early Man in the Andes. New York: Academic Press.
Lynch, T. (1990). “Quaternary Climate, Environment, and the Human Occupation of the South-Central Andes.”Geoarchaeology 5: 199–228.
MacNeish, R. S. (1983). “The Ayacucho Preceramic as a Sequence of Cultural Energy-Flow Systems.” InPrehistory of the Ayacucho Basin, Peru, vol. IV: The Preceramic Way of Life, ed. T. S. MacNeish, R. Vierra, A. Nelken-Turner, R. Lurie, and A. Cook. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 236–280.
Markgraf, V. (1989). “Palaeoclimates in Central and South America since 18,000 B.P. Based on Pollen and Lake-Level Records.”Quaternary Science Reviews 8: 1–24.
Molina, E., and A. Little (1981). “Geoecology of the Andes: The Natural Science Basis for Research Planning.”Mountain Research and Development 1: 115–144.
Nuñez, Lautaro (1983). “Paleoindian and Archaic Cultural Periods in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of Northern Chile.”Advances in World Archaeology 2: 161–203.
Olivera, D. (1998). “Cazadores y Pastores Tempranos de la Puna Argentina.” InPast and Present in Andean Prehistory and Early History, ed. S. Ahlgren, A. Muñoz, S. Sjödin, and P. Stenborg.Göteborg, Sweden: Etnografiska Museet, 153–180.
Pearsall, D. (1992). “The Origins of Plant Cultivation in South America.” InThe Origins of Agriculture: An International Perspective, ed. C. W. Cowan and P. J. Watson. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution Press, 173–205.
Quilter, J. (1991). “Late Preceramic Peru.”Journal of World Prehistory 5: 387–438.
Rick, J. (1980).Prehistoric Hunters of the High Andes. New York:Academic Press.
Rick, J. (1988) “The Character and Context of Highland Preceramic Society.” InPeruvian Prehistory, ed. R. Keatinge. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 3–40.
Santoro, Calagero M., and Lautaro Nuñez (1987). “Hunters of the Dry Puna and the Salt Puna in Northern Chile.”Andean Past 1: 57–109.
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Aldenderfer, M. (1990). “Cronología y Definición de Fases Arcaicas de Asana, Sur de Peru.”Chungará 24/25: 13–35.
Aldenderfer, Mark S. (1991). “Continuity and Change in Ceremonial Structures at Late Preceramic Asana, Southern Peru.”Latin American Antiquity 2: 227–258.
Aldenderfer, M. (1993). “Domestic Space, Mobility, and Ecological Complementarity: The View from Asana.” InDomestic Architecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes, ed. M. S. Aldenderfer. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 13–19.
Aldenderfer, M. (1998).Montane Foragers: Asana and the South-Central Andean Archaic. Ames: University of Iowa Press.
Aldenderfer, M. (in press).Quelcatani: The Evolution of a Pastoral Lifeway. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Baied, C., and J. Wheeler (1993). “Evolution of High Andean Puna Ecosystems: Environment, Climate, and Culture Change over the Last 12,000 Years in the Central Andes.”Mountain Research and Development 13: 145–156.
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Browman, D. (1989b). “Origins and Development of Andean Pastoralism: An Overview of the Past 6000 Years.” InThe Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism, and Predation, ed. J. Clutton-Brock. London: Unwin Hyman, 258–268.
Franklin, W. (1982). “Biology, Ecology, and Relationship to Man of the South American Camelids.” InMammalian Biology in South America, ed. M. A. Mares and H. H. Genoways. Pittsburgh: Special Publications Series Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh, 457–489.
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Kuznar, L. (1990). “Pastoralismo Temprano en la Sierra Alta del Departamento de Moquegua, Perú.”Chungará 24/25: 53–68.
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Markgraf, V. (1989). “Palaeoclimates in Central and South America since 18,000 B.P. Based on Pollen and Lake-Level Records.”Quaternary Science Reviews 8: 1–24.
Molina, E., and A. Little (1981). “Geoecology of the Andes: The Natural Science Basis for Research Planning.”Mountain Research and Development 1: 115–144.
Nuñez, Lautaro (1983). “Paleoindian and Archaic Cultural Periods in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of Northern Chile.”Advances in World Archaeology 2: 161–203.
Pearsall, D. (1992). “The Origins of Plant Cultivation in South America.” InThe Origins of Agriculture: An International Perspective, ed. C. W. Cowan and P. J. Watson. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 173–205.
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Santoro, C., and J. Chacama R. (1982). “Secuencia Cultural de las Tierras Altas del Area Centro Sur Andina.”Chungará 9: 22–45.
Santoro, Calagero M., and Lautaro Nuñez (1987). “Hunters of the Dry Puna and the Salt Puna in Northern Chile.”Andean Past 1: 57–109.
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Kuznar, L. (2001). “An Introduction to Andean Religious Ethnoarchaeology: Preliminary Results and Future Directions.” InEthnoarchaeology in Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory, ed. L. Kuznar. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory, 38–66.
Lynch, T. (1990). “Quaternary Climate, Environment, and the Human Occupation of the South-Central Andes.”Geoarchaeology 5: 199–228.
Markgraf, V. (1989). “Palaeoclimates in Central and South America since 18,000 B.P. Based on Pollen and Lake-Level Records.”Quaternary Science Renews 8: 1–24.
Messerli, B., M. Grosjean, G. Bonani, A. Burgi, M.A. Geyh, K. Graf, K. Ramseyer, H. Romero, U. Schotterer, H. Schreier, and M. Vuille. (1993). “Climate Change and Natural Resource Dynamics of the Atacama Altiplano during the Last 18,000 Years: A Preliminary Synthesis.”Mountain Research and Development 13: 117–127.
Molina, E., and A. Little (1981). “Geoecology of the Andes: The Natural Science Basis for Research Planning.”Mountain Research and Development 1: 115–144.
Nuñez, Lautaro (1983). “Paleoindian and Archaic Cultural Periods in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of Northern Chile.”Advances in World Archaeology 2: 161–203.
Olivera, D. (1998). “Cazadores y Pastores Tempranos de la Puna Argentina.” InPast and Present in Andean Prehistory and Early History, ed. S. Ahlgren, A. Muñoz, S. Sjödin, and P. Stenborg. Göteborg, Sweden: Etnografiska Museet, 153–180.
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Roe, Nicholas, and William Rees (1976). “Preliminary Observations of the Taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis: Cervidae) in Southern Peru.”Journal of Mammology 57: 722–730.
Santoro, C., and J. Chacama R. (1982). “Secuencia Cultural de las Tierras Altas del Area Centro Sur Andina.”Chungará 9: 22–45.
Santoro, Calagero M., and Lautaro Nuñez (1987). “Hunters of the Dry Puna and the Salt Puna in Northern Chile.”Andean Past 1: 57–109.
References
Aldenderfer, M. (1989). “The Archaic Period in the South-Central Andes”.Journal of World Prehistory 3: 117–158.
Aldenderfer, M. (1990). “Cronología y Definición de Fases Arcaicas de Asana, Sur de Peru.”Chungarà 24/25: 13–35.
Aldenderfer, M. (1991). “Continuity and Change in Ceremonial Structures at Late Preceramic Asana, Southern Peru.”Latin American Antiquity 2: 227–258.
Aldenderfer, M. (1993). “Domestic Space, Mobility, and Ecological Complementarity: The View from Asana.” InDomestic Architecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes, ed. M. S. Aldenderfer. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 13–19.
Aldenderfer, M. (1998).Montane Foragers: Asana and the South-Central Andean Archaic. Ames: University of Iowa Press.
Kuznar, L. (1990). “Pastoralismo Temprano en la Sierra Alta del Departamento de Moquegua, Perú.”Chungará 24/25: 53–68.
Kuznar, L. (1993). “Mutualism between Chenopodium, Herd Animals and Herders in the South Central Andes.”Mountain Research and Development 13, 3: 257–265.
Kuznar, L. (1995).Awatimarka: The Ethnoarchaeology of an Andean Herding Community. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.
Kuznar, L. (2001). “An Introduction to Andean Religious Ethnoarchaeology: Preliminary Results and Future Directions.” InEthnoarchaeology in Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory, ed. L. Kuznar. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory.
References
Burger, Richard L., and Lucy Salazar Burger (1980). “Ritual and Religion at Huaricoto.”Archaeology 33: 26–32.
Burger, Richard L., and Lucy Salazar Burger (1986). “Early Organizational Diversity in the Peruvian Highlands: Huaricoto and Kotosh.” InAndean Archaeology: Papers in Memory of Clifford Evans, ed. R. Matos M., S. A. Turpin, and H. H. Eling Jr. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology Monograph 27, University of California, 65–82.
Kuznar, L. (2001). “An Introduction to Andean Religious Ethnoarchaeology: Preliminary Results and Future Directions.” InEthnoarchaeology in Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory, ed. L. Kuznar. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory.
Reinhard, Johann (1983). “Las Montañas Sagradas: Un Estudio Etnoarqueologíco de Ruinas en las Altas Cumbres Andinas.”Cuadernos de Historia 3: 27–62.
References
Kuznar, L. (2001). “An Introduction to Andean Religious Ethnoarchaeology: Preliminary Results and Future Directions.” InEthnoarchaeology in Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory, ed. L. Kuznar. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory.
Pearsall, D. (1980). “Pachamachay Ethnobotanical Report: Plant Utilization at a Hunting Base Camp.” InPrehistoric Hunters of the High Andes, ed. J. Rick. New York: Academic Press, 191–232.
Rick, J. (1980).Prehistoric Hunters of the High Andes. New York: Academic Press.
References
Hesse, Brian (1982). “Animal Domestication and Oscillating Climates.”Journal of Ethnobiology 2: 1–15.
Nuñez, Lautaro (1983). “Paleoindian and Archaic Cultural Periods in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of Northern Chile.”Advances in World Archaeology 2: 161–203.
Santoro, Calagero M., and Lautaro Nuñez (1987). “Hunters of the Dry Puna and the Salt Puna in Northern Chile.”Andean Past 1: 57–109.
References
Aldenderfer, M. (1987). “Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Dynamics and Rupestral Art: Inferring Mobility and Aggregation in the South-Central Andes of Southern Peru.” InActas del VIII Simposium Internacional de Arte Rupestre Americano. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre Dominicano, 373–403.
Aldenderfer, M. (in press).Quelcatani: The Evolution of a Pastoral Lifeway. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Klarich, E. (in press). “Camelid Depictions in the Rupestral Art of Quelcatani: Hunters or Herders?” InQuelcatani: The Evolution of a Pastoral Lifeway, ed. M. Aldenderfer. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Kuznar, L. (in press). “Altiplano Human Ecology/Altiplano Past.” InQuelcatani. The Evolution of a Pastoral Lifeway, ed. M. Aldenderfer. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Ravines, R. (1986). “Quelcatani.” InArte Rupestre del Peru, ed. R. Ravines. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, 51–52.
References
Dransart, Penny (1991). “Llamas, Herders and the Exploitation of Raw Materials in the Atacama Desert.”World Archaeology 22: 304–319.
Hesse, Brian (1982). “Animal Domestication and Oscillating Climates.”Journal of Ethnobiology 2: 1–15.
Nuñez, Lautaro (1983). “Paleoindian and Archaic Cultural Periods in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of Northern Chile.”Advances in World Archaeology 2: 161–203.
Santoro, Calogero M., and Lautaro Nuñez (1987). “Hunters of the Dry Puna and the Salt Puna in Northern Chile.”Andean Past 1: 57–109.
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Kuznar, L. (2001). Late Highland Andean Archaic. In: Peregrine, P.N., Ember, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0521-1_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0521-1_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7134-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0521-1
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