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Probiotics

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Abstract

Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administrated in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. Bacterial strains selected as probiotics are predominantly from the genera, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are indigenous to the human gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic bacteria are selected for potential application on the basis of particular physiological, biochemical and technological properties. The classification and identification of probiotic strains may give a strong indication of their safety and technical applicability; thus, probiotic bacteria have to be accurately identified and characterised at least at the species level. Safety and functionality screening also plays an important role in selection of probiotic straints for human use. Extensive investigations of biological active compounds from probiotic bacteria are directed primarily for the preparation of highly effective therapeutic products. Among these substances are bacterial polysaccharides and polar lipids. The general results of chemical, NMR and serological studies indicate the structural heterogeneity of the surface polysaccharides, which in turn might influence their biological activity, namely, the antigenicity. Current research on biological active compounds from probiotic bacteria is also directed at the elaboration of glycoconjugates products. By employing of new modification of supercritical fluid of carbon dioxide (scCO2), polar lipids of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria can be very effectively extracted. The role of biological active components from probiotic bacteria in treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases, as well as their possible involvement in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease and celiac disease by the mechanism of molecular mimicry, was revealed. In prospect, the scCO2 isolation technology of probiotic glycoconjugates may be combined with metabolic engineering and immunological studies in technologies aimed at manufacturing of highly effective therapeutic products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, Acad. V.F. Kuprevich Street, 2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus

    Galina Novik, Anastasiya Sidarenka, Elena Kiseleva & Emily Kolomiets

  2. Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, Paradisgatan 2, 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden

    Estera Szwajcer Dey

Authors
  1. Galina Novik
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  2. Anastasiya Sidarenka
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  3. Elena Kiseleva
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  4. Emily Kolomiets
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  5. Estera Szwajcer Dey
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Correspondence to Galina Novik .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Québec INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada

    Satinder Kaur Brar

  2. University of Québec, University of Québec INRS-ETE, Québec, Québec, Canada

    Gurpreet Singh Dhillon

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Parana Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Carlos Ricardo Soccol

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Novik, G., Sidarenka, A., Kiseleva, E., Kolomiets, E., Dey, E.S. (2014). Probiotics. In: Brar, S., Dhillon, G., Soccol, C. (eds) Biotransformation of Waste Biomass into High Value Biochemicals. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8005-1_9

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