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Atmospheric Biogeochemistry

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Abstract

Biogeochemistry represents the interaction of biology, chemistry, and geology in the Earth system. For many processes, an understanding of biological uptake and emission, chemical processing, and geological sequestration is necessary to resolve the sources and sinks of a particular constituent. For example, to discover the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is important to understand how biota take up carbon dioxide and chemically convert the carbon to organic carbon, and then how this organic carbon is used either to produce energy by biota or is deposited to the land or ocean surface and can become sequestered in geological formations.

This chapter was originally published as part of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology edited by Robert A. Meyers. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3

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Abbreviations

Aerosol:

A solid or liquid suspended in the atmosphere. The definition usually does not include cloud droplets, although many aerosols have water vapor on their surfaces.

Dry deposition:

Removal process for gas and aerosol species in which the species are deposited onto the lower surface due to either turbulent fluxes (overturning air) forcing the constituent to hit and stick to the surface, or from gravitational settling of aerosols. Gravitational settling is the dominant mechanism for removal for larger aerosols.

Lifetime:

The atmospheric lifetime of a constituent describes how long the constituent will remain in the atmosphere. It is typically calculated by dividing the total amount of the constituent in the atmosphere by the total flux out of or into the atmosphere. The flux can be due to atmospheric chemical reactions, and/or exchanges between other reservoirs in the earth system (e.g., land or ocean). This lifetime is an e-folding lifetime; if one starts with an initial perturbation of the constituent, the amount of the perturbation remaining after a length of time equal to the lifetime is equal to 1/e of the original value of the perturbation.

Wet deposition:

Process by which an atmospheric constituent is removed by precipitation. This is especially important for water-soluble and aerosol species.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank NSF (0932946, 0832782, 0758369) and NASA (NNG06G127G), as well as Rachel Scanza for assistance on the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for Sustainable Future, Cornell University, 2140 Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Natalie M. Mahowald

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  1. Natalie M. Mahowald
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Correspondence to Natalie M. Mahowald .

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  1. , Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands

    Rik Leemans

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Mahowald, N.M. (2013). Atmospheric Biogeochemistry. In: Leemans, R. (eds) Ecological Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5755-8_2

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