Abstract
European universities are today confronted by major change, largely as a result of the process of standardization of European education systems. The process, which was initiated at the Sorbonne in 1998 and subsequently expanded in the Bologna Declaration and the Prague and Berlin Communiqués, serves the following primary objectives:
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creation of a two-cycle degree system,
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introduction of a credits system,
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modularization of study programs,
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increased student mobility, as well as
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new quality assurance measures (European Commission 2010, online).
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- 1.
The belief that economic agendas are assuming a fundamental role at universities is not undisputed, as shown by Brooks (2005).
- 2.
The Internet developed out of the ARPANET, which was set up at the end of the 1960s as a project run by the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense. It was designed as a network linking universities and research facilities in order to make efficient use of limited computing capacities, first in the USA and subsequently worldwide.
The authors of the Google idea, Larry Page and Sergey Brin met at Stanford University in 1995 and developed the first prototype of what is now a major listed corporation.
- 3.
The Xerox Alto was the first home computer with a graphic user interface.
- 4.
In the following, university IT departments are referred to as “university IT services” (university ITS).
- 5.
The term ‘grid’ was coined in the mid 1990s to denote a proposed distributed computing structure for advanced science and engineering. Foster (2001, p. 1).
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Mirski, P., Kilian, D. (2013). Leveraging Universities Through IT Governance . In: Altmann, A., Ebersberger, B. (eds) Universities in Change. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4590-6_15
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