Abstract
Heat exchangers provide a path for the exchange of heat between fluids and fluids, fluids and gases and gases and gases. The two or more heat-exchanging media are separated physically by a metal tube or plate wall. Some applications feature three or more heat exchange media, with multiple fluid circuits exchanging heat within a common shell. Our interest here will concern two-sided heat exchange only.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
The term “regenerative” is also used. A “regenerative” heat exchanger is distinguished from a “recuperative” heater by its use of cyclic heating and cooling. In the heating phase heat is absorbed from a hot stream and given up to the cooler stream during the cooling phase. A tubular air heater, for example, is not cyclic and heat exchange is continuous. Both are “recuperative” in that both recover heat from a waste stream and return it to the process.
- 2.
In most air heaters the rotor rotates in the horizontal plane. Smaller units are sometimes mounted vertically with horizontal air and gas flows.
- 3.
There will be a primary air sector only in a tri-sector air heater.
References
W.H. Press et al Numerical Recipes in C, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1992
G.H. Golub, C.F. van Loan Matrix Computations, 3rd Edition John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1996
L. Fox and D.F. Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Monographs on Numerical Analysis, Oxford University Press, Reprint, 1977
A. Quarteroni, R. Sacco, F. Saleri Numerical Mathematics, 2nd Edition, Springer Texts in Applied Mathematics No. 37, 2007
G. Bader, P. Deuflhard Numerische Mathematik 41, pp 373–398, 1983
P.J. Roache Computational Fluid Dynamics, Revised Edition Academic Press, 1982
A. Prosperetti, G. Tryggvason (Edit.) Computational Methods for Multiphase Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2009
N. Gershfeld The Nature of Mathematical Modeling, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999
Steinmueller Steam Generation, Vulkan Verlag, Essen, 2nd English Edition, 1994
Wagner, Kurse Properties of water and steam: the industrial standard IAPWS-IF97 for the thermodynamic properties and supplementary equations for other properties; tables based on these equations., Springer Berlin, 1998
K. Scheffler, N. Rosner, J. Straub, U. Grigull Der Neue Internationale Standard der dynamischen Viskosität von Wasser und Dampf, Brennstoff-Wärme-Kraft 30 Nr. 2, February 1978
J.P. Holman Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill New York, 1991
P.J. Stuttaford, P.A. Rubini Assessment of a Radiative Heat Transfer Model for a New Gas Turbine Combustor Preliminary Design Tool, 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting AIAA 97-0294, 1997
S.P. Fuss, A. Hamins An Estimate of the Correction to be Applied to radiant Flame Measurements due to Attenuation by Atmospheric CO 2 and H 2 O, Fire Safety Journal 37 pgs 181–190, 2002
P. Basu, C. Kefa, L. Jestin Boilers and Burners Design and Theory, Mechanical Engineering Series, Springer Verlag, 2000
P.K. Swamee, A.K. Jain Explicit Equation for Pipe Flow Problems, Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol 102, No. 5, May:657–664, 1976
Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 6th Edition McGraw-Hill
Fan Engineering, Buffalo Forge Company, Buffalo, NY, USA, 1961
B. Eck Ventilatoren, 5th Edition, Springer Verlag Berlin
B. Eck Fans, Pergamon Press London
A.J. Osiadacz Simulation and Analysis of Gas Networks, Gulf Publishing, 1987
Sir Frank Whittle Gas Turbine Aero-Thermodynamics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1981
R.K. Turton Principles of Turbomachinery, Chapman and Hall, 2nd Edition, 1985
C.E. Brennen Hydrodynamics of Pumps, Oxford University Press, OUP/Concepts Edi, White River Jn, VT, USA, 1994
M.P. Boyce Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook Butterworth-Heinemann 2nd Edition, 2002
L.G. Tetu Improving Centrifugal Compressor Performance by Optimizing Diffuser Surge Control (Variable Diffuser Geometry) and Flow Control (Inlet Guide Vane) Device Settings International Compressor Engineering Conference 2004, Paper 1719, Purdue University
F. Willems Modeling and Control of Compressor Flow Instabilities Report No. WFW 96.151, Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 1997
E.M. Greitzer Surge and Rotating Stall in Axial Flow Compressors, Part I: Theoretical Compression System Model, Journal of Engineering for Power, 98:190–198, 1976
F.K. Moore, E.M. Greitzer A Theory of Post-Stall Transients in Axial Compressor Systems: Part II-Application, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines for Power, 108:231–239, 1986
J.T. Gravdahl, O. Egeland Control of the Three State Moore-Greitzer Compressor Model using a Close-Coupled Valve, Proc. 1997 European Control Conference, July 1997
J.T. Gravdahl, O. Egeland A Moore-Greitzer Axial Compressor Model with Spool Dynamics, Proc 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1997
A. Hafaifa, A. Daoudi, M. Guemana SCADA for Surge Control, Control, pgs 69–71, March 2011
C. Hayashi Nonlinear Oscillations in Physical Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1964
G.G. Mejeoumov Improved Cement Quality and Grinding Efficiency by Means of Closed Mill Circuit Modeling Ph.D Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2007
R.C. Juvinall, K.M. Marshek Fundamentals of Machine Component Design, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1991
A.M. Trzynadlowski Control of Induction Motors, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 2001
T. Perrotin, D. Clodic Fin Efficiency Calculation in Enhanced Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers in Dry Conditions, International Congress of Refrigeration 2003, Washington D.C. USA
K.T. Hong, R.L. Webb Calculation of Fin Efficiency for Wet and Dry Fins, HVAC&R Research, Vol 2, No. 1:pp27–41, 1996
S.A. Habbits, T.J. Sheer, H.N. Jawurek, M. Lander, W. Schmitz Simulation and Measurement of the Thermal Performance of Rotary Regenerative Boiler Air Heaters, Proc. of the 11th International Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 6, Aug 1998, Korea
F. Bowman Introduction to Bessel Functions, Dover Publications, 2nd Edit. New York, 1958
I.N. Sneddon Fourier Transforms, McGraw-Hill Series in Pure and Applied mathematics, 1951
H.S. Carslaw, J.C. Jaeger Conduction of Heat in Solids, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edit. 1959 Clarendon Press, NY, USA, 1947
W.M. Rohsenow, J.P. Hartnett, E.A. Ganic Handbook of Heat Transfer Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Book Company, London, 1981
W.M. Rohsenow, J.P. Hartnett, Y.I. Cho Handbook of Heat Transfer, 3rd. Edition McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1998
L.M. Jiji Heat Conduction, Jaico Publishing Mumbai, 2003
M.N.Özisik Heat Conduction, 2nd Edit. Wiley, 1993
S. Kakac (Ed.) Boilers, Evaporators and Condensers, Wiley Interscience, 1991
H.C. Hottel, A.F. Sarofim Radiative Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1967
K. Kuehlert, U. Renz A Comprehensive Radiation Model for Numerical Simulation of Pulverised Coal Flames, Proc. 11th International Heat Transfer Conference (Seoul Korea) Vol 7, 1988
S. Zaichik Application of a Diffusion-Inertia Model for 3-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Solid Fuel Combustion in Furnace Chambers, Proc. 11th International Heat Transfer Conference (Seoul Korea) Vol 7, 1988
I.T. Shvets et al Heat Engineering, Mir Publishers Moscow - English Translation, 1975
R.B.Stull Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers, 2nd Edition, Brooke/Cole-Thomson Learning, 1999
I.W. Smith The Combustion of Coal Chars: A Review, 19th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, pp 1045–1065, 1982
A. McKenzie, I.W. Smith, G.A.D. Szpindler, J. Institute of Fuel, 47, 75, 1974
K.J. Åstrom, R.D. Bell Simple Drum-Boiler Models, IFAC Symposium Power Systems, Modelling and Control Applications, Brussels, Sept 1988
R.D. Bell, K.J. Åstrom A Non-Linear Model for Steam Generation Process, IFAC 12th World Congress, Sydney Australia, 1993
K.J. Åstrom, R.D. Bell A Fourth Order Non-Linear Model for Drum-Boiler Dynamics, 13th Triennial World Conference, San Francisco USA, 1996
Steam - Its Generation and Use The Babcock & Wilcox Company, 1978
S.S. Bogdanovic, S.M. Jovanovic Simulation and Modelling of Once-through Benson and Sulzer Steam Generators, IFAC Symposium Power Systems, Modelling and Control Applications, Brussels, Sept. 1988
W.J. Peet, T.K. Leung Development and Application of a Dynamic Simulation Model for a Drum Type Boiler with Turbine Bypass, International Power Conference, Singapore, March 1995
W. Traupel Thermische Turbomachinen, Vols I and II, 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin
A.S. Leyzerovich Steam Turbines for Modern Fossil-Fuel Power Plants, Fairmont Press, 2008
D. Butterworth and G.F. Hewitt Two Phase Flow and Heat Transfer, Harwell Series, Oxford Uni Press, 1977
G. Brown Heat transmission by condensation of steam on a spray of water drops, Inst. Mech. Engrs. Proc. Discussion on heat transfer, pp 49–52, 1951
J.R.S. Thom Prediction of pressure drop during forced circulation boiling of water, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer 7 (1964) pgs. 709–824
R.W. Lockhart, R.C. Martinelli Proposed Correlation of Data for Isothermal Two-Phase, Two-Component Flow in Pipes, Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium 45(1), pp. 39–48
R.C. Martinelli, D.B. Nelson Prediction of Pressure Drop during Forced-Circulation Boiling of Water, Transactions of the ASME 70(6) 45(1), pp. 695–702
G.B. Wallis One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1996
D. Chisholm A Theoretical Basis for the Lockhart-Martinelli Correlation for Two-Phase Flow, Int. J. Heat and Mass transfer, 10(12), pp. 1767–1778, 1973
D. Chisholm The Influence of Mass Velocity on Friction Pressure Gradients during Steam-Water Flow, Thermodynamic and Fluid Mechanics Group Convection, Inst. of Mech. Engrs Proceedings, Bristol Vol. 182 Pt. 3H, pp. 336–341, 1968
D. Chisholm Pressure Gradients during the Flow of Evaporating Two-Phase Mixtures in Smooth Tubes and Channels, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 16(2), pp. 347–358
S.M. Ghiaasiaan Two-phase Flow, Boiling and Condensation in Conventional and Miniature Systems, Cambridge University Press, 2008
A. Grzebielec, A. Rusowicz Thermal Resistance of Steam Condensation in Horizontal Tube Bundles, Journal of Power Technologies 91(1) pp. 41–48, 2011
J.G. Collier Convective Boiling and Condensation, 2nd. Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1996
C.J. Baroczy A Systematic Correlation for Two-Phase Pressure Drop, Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium 62(44), pp. 232–239, 1966
S.G. Bankhoff A Variable Density Single Fluid Model Two-Phase Flow with Particular Reference to Steam-Water, J. Heat Transfer 11(Series 13) 265–272 1960 Meeting, Ispra Italy, 1979
L. Friedel Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two Phase Pipe Flow, Paper E2, European Two Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra Italy,1979
A. Cicchitti, C. Lombardi, M. Silvestri, G. Soldaini, R. Zavatorelli Two-phase Cooling Experiments - Pressure Drop, Heat Transfer and Burn-out Measurements, Energia Nucleare 7(6) 407–425, 1960
K.E. Gungor and R.H.S. Winterton A general correlation for flow boiling in tubes and annuli, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 29(3), 351–358, 1986
K.E. Gungor, R.H.S. Winterton Simplified general correlation for saturated flow boiling and comparisons of correlations with data, Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 65 148–156, 1987
D. Steiner, J. Taborek Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Single Components in Vertical Tubes, Heat Transfer Eng., 13, pp. 4368, 1992
VDI Wärme-Atlas, VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf Germany, 1993
A.J. Ghajar Non-Boiling Heat Transfer in Gas-Liquid Flow in Pipes - A Tutorial, J. of the Braz. Soc. of Mech. Sci. and Eng.27, 1, pp. 46–73, Jan-March 2005
J.C. Chen A correlation for boiling heat transfer to saturated fluids in convective flow, ASME Paper 63-HT-34, Boston, 1963
H. Muller-Steinhagen, K. Heck A Simple Pressure Drop Correlation for Two-Phase Flow in Pipes, Chem. Engr. Process, 20, pp.297–308, 1986
G. Riemenschneider Analyse der Anlagendynamik eines Steinkohlbefeurerten Grossdampferzeugers mit vorgeschalteter Gasturbine, Energieerzeugung, Reihe 6 Nr. 228, 1989
TRAC-PD2 An Advanced Best-Estimate Computer Program for PWR LOCA Analysis, NUREG/CR-2054, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
S.M. Zivi Estimation of steady-state steam void fraction by means of the principle of minimum entropy production, J. Heat Transfer 86, 247–52, 1964
A.A. Armand, G.G. Treschev Investigation of the Resistance During the Movement of Steam Water Mixtures in a Heated Boiler Pipe at High Pressures, AERE-Lib/Trans. 816, Jan. 1959
M.A. Woldesemayat, A.J. Ghajar Comparison of void fraction correlations for different flow patterns in horizontal and upward inclined pipes, Int. Journal of Multiphase Flow, 33 pp. 347–370 Elsevier, 2007
R. Doležal Two-phase pressure loss in heated boiler tubes, VGB Kraftswerktechnik 52 (1972) Nr 1, pgs 11–15
R. Doležal Vorgänge beim Anfahren eines Dampferzeugers, Vulkan Verlag, 1977
B.P. Vitalis, P.J. Hunt Constant and Sliding Pressure Options for New Supercritical Plants, Technical Publication, Riley Power, Power-Gen International, Las Vegas, 2005
M. Palkes, E.S. Sadlon, A. Salem State-of-the-Art Large Capacity Sliding Pressure Supercritical Steam Generators, ABB SPERI Power Generation Conference, 1994
H.G. Kwatny, J.W. Bauerle Simulation analysis of the stability of coal-fired furnaces at low loads, Second IFAC Workshop on Modelling and Control of Electric Power Plants, Drexel University, Philadelphia Sept 16–18, 1986
F. Brandt Brennstoffe und Verbrennungsrechung, FDBR Fachbuchreihe Band 1, Vulkan Verlag, 1981
S.M. Cho Furnace Combustion and Heat Transfer in Large Utility Boilers, Vol 1 Proc 11th International Heat Transfer Conference, Korea, 1998
I. Nedelkovski, I. Vilos, T. Geramitcioski Finite Element Solution of Navier-Stokes Equations for Steam Flow and Heat Transfer, World Academy of Science and Engineering and Technology 5, 2005
L.D. Berman, S.N. Fuks Mass Transfer in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when Steam Contains Air, Teploenergetika, 5, pp. 66–74, 1958
E.N. Fuller, P.D. Schettler, J.C. Giddings New Method for Prediction of Binary Gas Phase Diffusion Coefficients, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 58(5), 19, 1966
Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Steam Surface Condensers, 9th Edition, 2001
H.R. Jacobs, D.S. Cook Direct Condensation on Non-circulating Drop, Proc. 6th Int. Heat Transfer Conf., Toronto, 2, pp.389–393, 1978
K.N. Murty Surface Condensers 1. Find the most compact surface condenser, Chemical Engineering, January 18, 1988
J. van Standen, L. Pretorius, M.P. Meyer Simulation of Heat Exchange in Large Air Cooled Condensers, Proc 11th International Heat Transfer Conference Vol 6, Korea, 1998
P. Johnman, K. Hitze, E. Fyvie, H. Morris, D. Gosden, B. Taber Eraring Power Station, Technical Paper, Advanced Process Control, The Warren Centre, Sydney University, Australia, October 1987
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
O’Kelly, P. (2013). Heat Exchangers. In: Computer Simulation of Thermal Plant Operations. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4256-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4256-1_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4255-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4256-1
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)