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Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface pp 77–116Cite as

Hydrogeochemical Models

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Part of the book series: SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology ((SERDP/ESTCP,volume 4))

Abstract

Mathematical models are tools to integrate the processes affecting transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface. The transport processes of advection and dispersion have been described in the previous chapter, while biogeochemical reaction processes were presented in Chapter 2. Here we adopt the standard continuum or Darcy-scale representation of a porous medium (Bear, 1979) and use the mass balance principle to couple all relevant processes within the quantitative framework of the advection-dispersion-reaction equation. In theory, any reaction or mass-transfer process can be incorporated into the mass balance equations, as long as the process can be described with a suitable mathematical relationship. Mathematical models that couple both hydrologic transport and biogeochemical reaction processes are called “hydrogeochemical models” or “reactive transport models.” These models are invaluable tools to aid groundwater management and remediation design decisions. They can be used to improve understanding of the coupling between mixing and reaction processes, and they serve as a framework for interpreting, integrating and synthesizing laboratory and field information. In practice, hydrogeochemical models can be applied to aid site-specific assessments of alternative remediation designs (e.g., different reagent delivery strategies) and make predictions of future system behavior. For site-specific applications, the hydrogeochemical model is a mathematical representation of the site conceptual model, which describes all the key features of the geology, hydrogeology, groundwater flow system, system boundaries, contaminant sources and distribution. See Anderson and Woessner (1992) for further discussion. For reacting chemicals, the conceptual model also must include a description of all the important site-specific geochemical and microbiological reactions (Davis et al., 2004).

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Acknowledgement

Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy through a SciDAC-2 project “Modeling Multiscale-Multiphase-Multicomponent Subsurface Reactive Flows using Advanced Computing.” I am grateful to Prabhakar Clement, who provided valuable advice in developing Table 4.3.

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  1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Albert J. Valocchi

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  1. , Dept. Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Via Ortega 473, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Peter K. Kitanidis

  2. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-4020, California, USA

    Perry L. McCarty

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Valocchi, A.J. (2012). Hydrogeochemical Models. In: Kitanidis, P., McCarty, P. (eds) Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface. SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6_4

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