Exposure to Toxic Hazards

Abstract

Exposure to the toxic hazards considered in the previous chapter can occur in a variety of ways, both accidental and deliberate. The form of exposure and the circumstances, such as whether the release is in the open air or in a confined space determines the degree of toxic trauma caused. This chapter considers the ways in which toxic exposure can occur, how toxic releases are detected and identified and how to reduce secondary exposure of emergency teams by the use of personal protection equipment and decontamination. Because of the dangers presented to emergency responders, a clear understanding of these points forms an essential basis to reacting to chemical incidents and the safe management of casualties. Training in the use of protective equipment and decontamination is essential for the safe conduct of pre-hospital and hospital management of toxic trauma.