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Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies pp 61–112Cite as

Library-Independent Bacterial Source Tracking Methods

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Abstract

In recent years numerous library-independent methods for microbial source tracking have become available either relying on selective cultivation of source-specific bacteria or, increasingly, on direct detection of source-specific genetic markers. The scientific foundation for the detection of source-specific bacterial populations is discussed and an overview is provided of the methods developed in this field in the last 30 years. Another focus is on potential advantages and drawbacks as well as method performance characteristics in method development, evaluation and application. Unfortunately, few methods have been evaluated and applied beyond the regional geographical scale, making it clear that the global toolbox for bacterial MST is still in the development and evaluation stage. However, recent advances in statistical methods for interpretation of MST results will help account for less than perfect diagnostic sensitivities and specificities, while integrated study design must consider pollution source complexity and dynamics. Numerous successful MST applications have proven the practicality and potential of library-independent bacterial MST methods for the characterization and identification of fecal pollution sources.

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Notes

  1. 1.

     The terms “bacteria” and “bacterial” are used synonymous to prokaryotic organisms encompassing the superkingdoms Bacteria and Archaea.

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Acknowledgments

This study was sponsored in part by California Department of Transportation task order 23 of 43A01684 and Water Environment Research Foundation grant PATH2R08 to SW. The Austrian part of the work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects #P22309-B20 and DK plus #W1219-N22 (Vienna Doctoral Programme on Water Resource Systems) granted to A.H.F.

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  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Stefan Wuertz

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  1. Dept. Crop & Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Prince Hall 401, Blacksburg, 24061, Virgin Islands, USA

    Charles Hagedorn

  2. Fac. Biologia, Depto. Microbiologia, Universitat Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 645, Barcelona, 08028, Spain

    Anicet R. Blanch

  3. Dept. Biology, Div. Integrative Biology (IB), University of South Florida, E. Fowler Ave. 4202, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA

    Valerie J. Harwood

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Wuertz, S., Wang, D., Reischer, G.H., Farnleitner, A.H. (2011). Library-Independent Bacterial Source Tracking Methods. In: Hagedorn, C., Blanch, A., Harwood, V. (eds) Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_4

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