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Beaches and Coastal Environments

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Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies

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Abstract

This chapter summarizes the rationale for using microbial source tracking (MST) methods at beach sites and coastal water bodies (Sect. 20.1), as MST methods are especially useful for evaluating waters impacted by nonpoint sources of pollution. This chapter also describes the most common traditional and alternative MST markers used at beach sites (Sect. 20.2). Two case studies are presented (Sect. 20.3) that describe the use of both biological/chemical MST methods and physical MST methods for identifying sources of microbes at two marine beach sites in USA, one located on the west coast (California) and the other located on the east coast (Florida). The chapter closes with discussion and recommendations concerning the utility and application of MST tools at beach sites impacted by nonpoint-source pollution (Sect. 20.4). Although this chapter focuses on marine beaches, an incredible wealth of MST data has been gathered at freshwater beaches (Byappanahalli et al. 2006; Harwood et al. 2005; Jenkins et al. 2005; Scott et al. 2002; Stapleton et al. 2009; Whitman and Nevers 2003; Whitman et al. 2004), and a comprehensive review of beach studies merits the inclusion of MST work within freshwater systems. The use of MST in freshwater systems is further discussed in Chaps. 18, 19, and 21.

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Acknowledgments

ABB acknowledges Dr. Stanley Grant for input on the Huntington Beach case study. ABB acknowledges support from NSF/NIEHS Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine (OCE 0910491). HSG, CS, and TS acknowledge funding support through the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373; NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736) and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, and the NSF SGER (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human Health. CS acknowledges funding support for development of the canine Bacteroidales qPCR assay by the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute (NOAA’s Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research, US Department of Commerce award NA06OAR4320264). CS also acknowledges logistics and materials support by the Source Molecular Corporation for the development of the gull Catellicoccus qPCR assay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

    Helena M. Solo-Gabriele

  2. Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, FL, USA

    Helena M. Solo-Gabriele

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  1. Helena M. Solo-Gabriele
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  2. Alexandria B. Boehm
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  3. Troy M. Scott
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  4. Christopher D. Sinigalliano
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Correspondence to Helena M. Solo-Gabriele .

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  1. Dept. Crop & Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Prince Hall 401, Blacksburg, 24061, Virgin Islands, USA

    Charles Hagedorn

  2. Fac. Biologia, Depto. Microbiologia, Universitat Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 645, Barcelona, 08028, Spain

    Anicet R. Blanch

  3. Dept. Biology, Div. Integrative Biology (IB), University of South Florida, E. Fowler Ave. 4202, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA

    Valerie J. Harwood

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Solo-Gabriele, H.M., Boehm, A.B., Scott, T.M., Sinigalliano, C.D. (2011). Beaches and Coastal Environments. In: Hagedorn, C., Blanch, A., Harwood, V. (eds) Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_20

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