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Atmospheric Ammonia

Detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Results of an Expert Workshop under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution

  • Book
  • © 2009

Overview

Editors:
  1. Mark A. Sutton

    1. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, (CEH), UK

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  2. Stefan Reis

    1. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, (CEH), UK

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  3. Samantha M.H. Baker

    1. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), UK

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  • Explains the current state of knowledge of the behaviour of ammonia in the environment
  • Reports new critical level values

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Table of contents (28 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xxiii
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  2. Ammonia Critical Thresholds

    1. Introduction

      • Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 1-11

    2. Reassessment of Critical Levels for Atmospheric Ammonia

      • J. Neil Cape, Ludger J. van der Eerden, Lucy J. Sheppard, Ian D. Leith, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 15-40

    3. Potential for the Further Development and Application of Critical Levels to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Ammonia

      • Mark A. Sutton, Lucy J. Sheppard, David Fowler
      Pages 41-48

    4. Long-Term Cumulative Exposure Exacerbates the Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on an Ombrotrophic Bog: Implications for Critical Levels

      • Lucy J. Sheppard, Ian D. Leith, Alan Crossley, Netty van Dijk, J. Neil Cape, David Fowler et al.
      Pages 49-58

    5. The Application of Transects to Assess the Effects of Ammonia on Woodland Groundflora

      • Carole E.R. Pitcairn, Ian D. Leith, Netty van Dijk, Lucy J. Sheppard, Mark A. Sutton, David Fowler
      Pages 59-69

    6. Estimation of the Ammonia Critical Level for Epiphytic Lichens Based on Observations at Farm, Landscape and National Scales

      • Mark A. Sutton, Pat A. Wolseley, Ian D. Leith, Netty van Dijk, Y. Sim Tang, P.W. James et al.
      Pages 71-86

    7. Mapping Ammonia Emissions and Concentrations for Switzerland — Effects on Lichen Vegetation

      • Beat Rihm, Martin Urech, Kathrin Peter
      Pages 87-92

    8. Over Which Averaging Period is the Ammonia Critical Level Most Precautionary?

      • Mark A. Sutton, Addo van Pul, Ferd Sauter, Y. Sim Tang, Laszlo Horvath
      Pages 93-99

    9. Macrolichens on Twigs and Trunks as Indicators of Ammonia Concentrations Across the UK — a Practical Method

      • Patricia A. Wolseley, Ian D. Leith, Netty van Dijk, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 101-108

    10. Assessment of Critical Levels of Atmospheric Ammonia for Lichen Diversity in Cork-Oak Woodland, Portugal

      • Pedro Pinho, Cristina Branquinho, Cristina Cruz, Y. Sim Tang, Teresa Dias, Ana Paula Rosa et al.
      Pages 109-119

  3. Temporal Trends in Atmospheric Ammonia

    1. Linking Ammonia Emission Trends to Measured Concentrations and Deposition of Reduced Nitrogen at Different Scales

      • Albert Bleeker, Mark A. Sutton, Beat Acherman, Ana Alebic-Juretic, Viney P. Aneja, Thomas Ellermann et al.
      Pages 123-180

    2. Long-Term Record (1981—2005) of Ammonia and Ammonium Concentrations at K-Puszta Hungary and the Effect of Sulphur Dioxide Emission Change on Measured and Modelled Concentrations

      • Laszlo Horvath, Hilde Fagerli, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 181-185

    3. Assessment of Ammonia and Ammonium Trends and Relationship to Critical Levels in the UK National Ammonia Monitoring Network (NAMN)

      • Y. Sim Tang, Ulrike Dragosits, Netty van Dijk, Linda Love, Ivan Simmons, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 187-194

    4. Review of Published Studies Estimating the Abatement Efficacy of Reduced-Emission Slurry Spreading Techniques

      • J. Webb, Brigitte Eurich-Menden, Ulrich Dämmgen, Francesco Agostini
      Pages 195-202

  4. Analysis of Ammonia Hotspots

    1. Ammonia Deposition Near Hot Spots: Processes, Models and Monitoring Methods

      • Benjamin Loubet, Willem A. H. Asman, Mark R. Theobald, Ole Hertel, Y. Sim Tang, Paul Robin et al.
      Pages 205-267

    2. Standardised Grasses as Biomonitors of Ammonia Pollution Around Agricultural Point Sources

      • Ian D. Leith, Netty van Dijk, Carole E. R. Pitcairn, Lucy J. Sheppard, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 269-279

    3. Soluble Ammonium in Plants as a Bioindicator for Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition: Refinement and Testing of a Practical Method

      • Netty van Dijk, Ian D. Leith, Carole E. R. Pitcairn, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 281-289

    4. Spatial Planning as a Complementary Tool to Abate the Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia Deposition at the Landscape Scale

      • Ulrike Dragosits, Mark R. Theobald, Chris J. Place, Helen M. ApSimon, Mark A. Sutton
      Pages 291-298

  5. Regional Modelling of Atmospheric Ammonia

    1. Modelling of the Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Ammonia at a National and Regional Scale

      • Addo van Pul, Ole Hertel, Camilla Geels, Anthony J. Dore, Massimo Vieno, Hans A. van Jaarsveld et al.
      Pages 301-358
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Keywords

About this book

Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia cause a host of environmental impacts, including loss of biodiversity, soil acidification and formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Under the auspices of the UNECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, around 80 international experts met to review the state of scientific knowledge. This book reports their analysis. It concludes that threshold levels for ammonia effects have been underestimated and sets new values, it assesses the independent evidence to verify reported reductions in regional ammonia emissions, and it reviews the uncertainties in modelling ammonia, both in "hot spots" and at the regional scale.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, (CEH), UK

    Mark A. Sutton, Stefan Reis

  • Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), UK

    Samantha M.H. Baker

About the editors

Mark Sutton

Is a specialist in the behaviour of ammonia in the atmosphere, based at the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh. He is the coordinator of the NitroEurope Integrated Project, chairman of the European Centre of the International Nitrogen Initiative and co-chair of the UNECE Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen.

Stefan Reis

Is an expert on emissions of atmospheric pollutants and integrated assessment modelling. Formerly of the Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, he is now the Scientific Project Manager of the NitroEurope Integrated Project.

Samantha Baker

Is a scientific policy analyst at the UK Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), with extensive experience of transboundary air pollution issues. She and a member of the Natural Resource and Rural Affairs (NRRA) Science Division at Defra and co-chairs the Projections Panel of the UNECE Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections.

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