As discussed in the previous chapter, offline analysis can be used to generate a schedule of DVFS state changes to minimize energy consumption, while ensuring sufficient processing cycles are available for all tasks to meet their deadlines, even under worst-case computation requirements. However, invocations of real-time tasks typically use less than their specified worst-case computation requirements, presenting an opportunity for further energy conservation. This chapter outlines three online, dynamic techniques to more aggressively scale back processing frequency and voltage to conserve energy when task computation cycles vary, yet continue to provide timeliness guarantees for worst-case execution time scenarios.
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Pillai, P.S., Shin, K.G. (2007). Dynamic DVFS Scheduling. In: Henkel, J., Parameswaran, S. (eds) Designing Embedded Processors. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5869-1_11
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