Skip to main content

Splinting: Positioning, Edema, and Scar Management Due to Burn Injury

  • Chapter
International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions
  • 4928 Accesses

Abstract

To achieve optimal function and independence, an individual relies on the combined use of a number of treatment modalities available to therapists (Simons et al., 2003). This chapter provides an overview of (1) classification and epidemiology of burn injury; and (2) intervention modalities that aim to minimize impairment to body structures and body functions after burn injury, by using positioning and splinting, and edema and scar management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aarabi, S., Longaker, M.T., and Gurtner, G.C. (2007). Hypertrophic scar formation following burns and trauma: new approaches to treatment. PLoS Med, 4(9), e234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja, R.B., and Bhattacharya, S. (2004). Burns in the developing world and burn disasters. BMJ, 329(7463), 447–449.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shehri, M. (2004). The pattern of paediatric burn injuries in Southwestern, Saudi Arabia. West Afr J Med, 23(4), 294–299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari-Lari, M., and Askarian, M. (2003). Epidemiology of burns presenting to an emergency department in Shiraz, South Iran. Burns, 29(6), 579–581.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belba, M.K., and Belba, G.P. (2004). Review of statistical data about severe burn patients treated during 2001 and evidence of septic cases in Albania. Burns, 30(8), 813–819.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bessey, P.Q. (2007). Wound care. In: Herndon, D.N., ed. Total Burn Care, 3rd ed. (pp. 127–135). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bombaro, K.M., Engrav, L.H., Carrougher, G.J., et al (2003). What is the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring following burns. Burns, 29(4), 299–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourget, A., Dolmagian, J., Lapierre, G., and Egerszegi, E.P. (2007). Effects of compressive vests on pulmonary function of infants with thoracic burn scars. Burns, 34(5):707-12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D.L., Greenhalgh, D.G., DeSerna, C.M., et al (1997). Outcome and socioeconomic aspects of suspected child abuse scald burns [abstract]. J Burn Care Rehabil, 18(1, Part 3), S167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, P., Laubenthal, K.N., Lewis, R.W. II, Rosenquist, M.D., Lindley-Smith, P., and Kealey, G.P. (1995). Prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of pressure garment therapy in patients with burns. J Burn Care Rehabil, 16(5), 473–475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, T.T. (2007). Burn scar and contracture management. J Trauma, 62(6 Suppl), S8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, D.J., Magson, C.L., Fraser, J.F., Crighton, L., and Kimble, R.M. (2004). Hot beverage scalds in Australian children. J Burn Care Rehabil, 25(3), 224–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edlund, W., Gronseth, G., and Yuen, S., et al, eds. (2004). American Academy of Neurology Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual. St. Paul, MN: American Academy of Neurology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esselman, P.C., Thombs, B.D., Magyar-Russell, G., and Fauerbach, J.A. (2006). Burn rehabilitation: state of the science. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 85(4), 383–413.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forjuoh, S.N. (2006). Burns in low- and middle-income countries: a review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Burns, 32(5), 529–537.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh, D.G. (2007). Wound healing. In: Herndon, D.N., ed. Total Burn Care, 3rd ed. (pp. 578–595). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hemeda, M., Maher, A., and Mabrouk, A. (2003). Epidemiology of burns admitted to Ain Shams University Burns Unit, Cairo, Egypt. Burns, 29(4), 353–358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, P., Mc Conville, H., Hohlriegel, N., Fraser, J.F., and Kimble, R.M. (2003). Flammable liquid burns in children. Burns, 29(4), 349–352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herndon, D.N., and Blakeney, P.E. (2007). Teamwork for total burn care: achievements, directions, and hopes. In: Herndon, D.N., ed. Total Burn Care, 3rd ed. (pp. 9–13). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hettrick, H., Nof, L., Ward, S., and Ecthernach, J. (2004). Incidence and prevalence of lymphedema in patients following burn injury: a five-year retrospective and three-month prospective study. Lymphat Res Biol, 2(1), 11–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janzekovic, Z. (1970). A new concept in the early excision and immediate grafting of burns. J Trauma, 10(12), 1103–1108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. (1994). Pathologic manifestations of burn injury. In: Richard, R.L., and Staley, M.J., eds. Burn Care and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice (pp. 29–48). Philadelphia: FA Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komolafe, O.O., James, J., Makoka, M., and Kalongeolera, L. (2003). Epidemiology and mortality of burns at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Blantyre, Malawi. Cent Afr J Med, 49(11–12), 130–134.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laloe, V. (2002). Epidemiology and mortality of burns in a general hospital of Eastern Sri Lanka. Burns, 28(8), 778–781.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latenser, B.A., Kowal-Vern, A. (2002). Paediatric burn rehabilitation. Pediatr Rehabil, 5(1), 3–10

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li-Tsang, C.W., Lau, J.C., Choi, J., Chan, C.C., and Jianan, L. (2006). A prospective randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of silicone gel sheeting (Cica-Care) on post-traumatic hypertrophic scar among the Chinese population. Burns, 32(6), 678–683.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macintyre, L., and Baird, M. (2006). Pressure garments for use in the treatment of hypertrophic scars—a review of the problems associated with their use. Burns, 32(1), 10–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maihafer, G.C., Llewellyn, M.A., Pillar, W.J., Jr., Scott, K.L., Marino, D.M., and Bond, R.M. (2003). A comparison of the figure-of-eight method and water volumetry in measurement of hand and wrist size. J Hand Ther, 16(4), 305–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malick, M., and Carr, J. (1980). Flexible elastomer molds in burn scar control. Am J Occup Ther, 34(9), 603–608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, L., and Pandit, A. (2006). Silicon gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1), CD003826.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellecchia, G.L. (2003). Figure-of-eight method of measuring hand size: reliability and concurrent validity. J Hand Ther, 16(4), 300–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, K., Davey, R.B., and Wallis, K. (1983). Silicone gel: a new treatment for burn scars and contractures. Burns, 9(3), 201–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, C., and Rumsey, N. (2008). Considerations for the provision of psychosocial services for families following paediatric burn injury—a quantitative study. Burns, 34(1), 56–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rappoport, K., Muller, R., and Flores-Mir, C. (2008). Dental and skeletal changes during pressure garment use in facial burns: a systematic review. Burns, 34(1), 18–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rayatt, S., Subramaniyan, V., and Smith, G. (2006). Audit of reactions to topical silicon used in the management of hypertrophic scars. Burns, 32(5), 653–654.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, R., and Staley, M. (1994). Burn Care and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard, R., and Ward, R.S. (2005). Splinting strategies and controversies. J Burn Care Rehabil, 26(5), 392–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, R., Steinlage, R., Staley, M., and Keck, T. (1996). Mathematic model to estimate change in burn scar length required for joint range of motion. J Burn Care Rehabil, 17(5), 436–443; discussion 435.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, R., Miller, S., Staley, M., and Johnson, R.M. (2000). Multimodal versus progressive treatment techniques to correct burn scar contractures. J Burn Care Rehabil, 21(6), 506–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, J.C., Holavanahalli, R., Helm, P., Goldstein, R., and Kowalske, K. (2006). Contractures in burn injury: defining the problem. J Burn Care Res, 27(4), 508–514.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, R.J. (2007). Management of postburn contractures of the upper extremity. J Burn Care Res, 28(2), 212–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shakespeare, P.G. (2001). Standards and quality in burn treatment. Burns, 27(8), 791–792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan, R.L. (2002). Burns. Crit Care Med, 30(11 Suppl), S500–S514.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan, R.L., and Thompkins, R.G. (2007). Alternative wound coverings. In: Herndon, D.N., ed. Total Burn Care, 3rd ed. (pp. 239–245). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, M., King, S., and Edgar, D. (2003). Occupational therapy and physiotherapy for the patient with burns: principles and management guidelines. J Burn Care Rehabil, 24(5), 323–335; discussion 322.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spires, M.C., Kelly, B.M., and Pangilinan, P.H., Jr. (2007). Rehabilitation methods for the burn injured individual. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am, 18(4), 925–948, viii.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarim, A., Nursal, T.Z., Yildirim, S., Noyan, T., Moray, G., and Haberal, M. (2005). Epidemiology of pediatric burn injuries in southern Turkey. J Burn Care Rehabil, 26(4), 327–330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Kerckhove, E., Stappaerts, K., Boeckx, W., et al (2001). Silicones in the rehabilitation of burns: a review and overview. Burns, 27(3), 205–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Kerckhove, E., Stappaerts, K., Fieuws, S., et al (2005). The assessment of erythema and thickness on burn related scars during pressure garment therapy as a preventive measure for hypertrophic scarring. Burns, 31(6), 696–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Niekerk, A., Rode, H., and Laflamme, L. (2004). Incidence and patterns of childhood burn injuries in the Western Cape, South Africa. Burns, 30(4), 341–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willis, B. (1969). The use of orthoplast isoprene splints in the treatment of the acutely burned child: preliminary report. Am J Occup Ther, 23(1), 57–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Ingrid Söderback

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Simons, M. (2009). Splinting: Positioning, Edema, and Scar Management Due to Burn Injury. In: Söderback, I. (eds) International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75423-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-75424-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics