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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology pp 1–19Cite as

Neurotrophins and Central Nervous System Development

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Abstract:

The formation of the vertebrate nervous system is characterized by widespread programed cell death, which determines cell number and appropriate target innervation during development. The neurotrophins, which include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and NT-4, represent an important family of trophic factors that are essential for survival of selective populations of neurons during different developmental periods. Neurotrophins exert their cellular effects through the actions of two different receptors, the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptor tyrosine kinase and the p75 neurotrophin receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Much attention has been given to the consequences of neurotrophin action in the peripheral nervous system (PNS); however, neurotrophins are widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord. This chapter focuses on new views concerning effects of neurotrophins in central nervous system (CNS) development.

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Abbreviations

AMPA:

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CA1:

cornu ammonis 1

CA3:

cornu ammonis 3

CNS:

central nervous system

CP:

cortical plate

EGL:

external germinal layer

ERK:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GEF:

guanine nucleotide-exchange factor

IgG:

immunoglobulin G

IGL:

internal germinal layer

MEK:

mitogen activated protein kinase/ERK kinase

MGE:

medial ganglionic eminence

ML:

molecular layer

MTN:

mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

MZ:

marginal zone

NGF:

nerve growth factor

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

NPY:

neuropeptide Y

NT-3:

neurotrophin-3

NT-4:

neurotrophin-4

PI3K:

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PLCγ:

phospholipase Cγ

PNS:

peripheral nervous system

RGC:

retinal ganglion cell

SNP:

single nucleotide polymorphism

Tiam1:

T lymphoma invasion and metastasis

Trk:

tropomyosin-related kinase

VTA:

ventral tegmental area

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Acknowledgments

The authors are supported by grants from NIH (NS21072 and HD23315). D.B.P. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from “Fundação Portuguesa para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.”

Authors
  1. D. B. Pereira
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  2. M. V. Chao
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., TX, 77555, Galveston, USA

    J. Regino Perez-Polo (I. H. Kempner Professor and Chair Dept. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Senior Scientist Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine Staff Scientist Shriner's Hospital for Children) (I. H. Kempner Professor and Chair Dept. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Senior Scientist Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine Staff Scientist Shriner's Hospital for Children)

  3. Universität Leipzig Medizinische Fakultät, Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany

    Steffen Rossner

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Pereira, D.B., Chao, M.V. (2008). Neurotrophins and Central Nervous System Development. In: Lajtha, A., Perez-Polo, J.R., Rossner, S. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32671-9_1

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