The completion of this chapter has been supported by grants to the second author from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 08453; DA 16135), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R49/CCR 418569), and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (2006-JL-FX-0232). Correspondence about this paper can be directed to: John E. Lochman, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Box 870348, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abidin, R. (1997). Parenting stress index: A measure of the parent-child system. In C. P. Zalaquet & R. J. Wood (Eds.), Evaluating stress: A book of resources. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
Abikoff, H., & Klein, G. (1992). Attention-deficit hyperactivity and conduct disorder: Co-morbidity and implications for treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 881–892.
Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
Achenbach, T. M. (1991c). Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile. Burlington,VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
Ackerman, B. P., Brown, E. D., D'Eramo, K. S., & Izard, C. E. (2002). Maternal relationship instability and the school behavior of children from disadvantaged families. Developmental Psychology, 38, 694–704.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Angold, A., Prendergast, M., Cox, A., Harrington, R., Simonoff, E., & Rutter, M. (1995). The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Psychological Medicine, 25, 739–753.
Baker, S. B., & Roberts, D. M. (1989) The factor structure of the problem-solving inventory: Measuring perceptions of personal problem solving. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 21, 157–164.
Barry, C. T., Frick, P. J., DeShazo, T. M., McCoy, M., Ellis, M. E., & Loney, B. R. (2000). The importance of callous-unemotional traits for extending the concept of psychopathy to children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 335–340.
Barry, T. D., Dunlap, S. T., Cotton, S. J., Lochman, J. E., & Wells, K. C. (2005). The influence of maternal stress and distress on disruptive behavior problems in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 265–273.
Barth, J. M., Dunlap, S. T., Dane, H., Lochman, J. E., & Wells, K. C. (2004). Classroom environment influences on aggression, peer relations, and academic focus. Journal of School Psychology, 42, 115–133.
Butcher, J. N., Williams, C. L., Graham, J. R., Archer, R. P., Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Kaemmer, B. (1992). MMPI-A (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Chamberlain, P., & Reid, J. B. (1998). Comparison of two community alternatives to incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 624–633.
Cillessen, A. H., Van IJzendoorn, H. W., Van Lieshout, C. F., & Hartup, W. W. (1992). Heterogeneity among peer-rejected boys: Subtypes and stabilities. Child Development, 63, 893–905.
Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Coppotelli, H. (1982) Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 557–570.
Coie, J. D., Lochman, J. E., Terry, R., & Hyman, C. (1992). Predicting early adolescent disorder from childhood aggression and peer rejection. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 783–792.
Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2004a). The effects of the Fast Track program on serious problem outcomes at the end of elementary school. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 650–661.
Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2004b). The Fast Track experiment: Translating the developmental model into a prevention design. In J. B. Kupersmidt & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), Children's peer relations: From development to intervention (pp.181–208). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Conners, C. K. (1997). Conners' Rating Scales-Revised: Technical manual. North Tona-wanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74–101.
Dishion, T. J., Andrews, D. W., & Crosby, L. (1995). Antisocial boys and their friends in early adolescence: Relationship characteristics, quality, and interactional process. Child Development, 66, 139–151.
Disperna, J. C. & Volpe, R. J. (2005) Self-report on the Social Skills Rating System: Analysis of reliability and validity for an elementary sample. Psychology in the Schools, 42, 345–354.
Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., McClaskey, C. L., & Brown, M. M. (1986). Social competence in children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 51, 1–85.
Erath, S. A., Bierman, K. L., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2006) Aggressive marital conflict, maternal harsh punishment, and child aggressive-disruptive behavior: Evidence for direct and indirect relations. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 217–226.
Erdley, C. A., & Asher, S. R. (1996). Children's social goals and self-efficacy perceptions as influences on their responses to ambiguous provocation. Child Development, 67, 1329–1344.
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Keenan, K., & Tsuang, M. T. (1991). Separation of DSM— III attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: Evidence from a family genetic study of American child psychiatry patients. Psychological Medicine, 21, 109–121.
Fite, P. J., Colder, C. R., Lochman, J. E., & Wells, K. C. (2006). The mutual influence of parenting and boys' externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 151–164.
Forth, A. E., Kosson, D. S., & Hare, R. D. (2003). The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems.
Foster, E. M., Jones, D., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2005). The high costs of aggression: Public expenditures resulting from Conduct Disorder. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 1767–1772.
Frick, P. J. (1998). Conduct disorders and severe antisocial behavior. New York: Plenum.
Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Christ, M. A., & Hanson, K. (1992). Familial risk factors to oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Parental psychopathology and maternal parenting. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 49–55.
Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Tannenbaum, L. E., Van Horn, Y., Christ, M. A., Hart, E. A., & Hanson, K. (1993). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: A meta-analytic review of factor analyses and cross-validation in a clinic sample. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 319–340.
Gresham, F. M., & Elliot, S. N. (1990) The Social Skills Rating System. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
Guerra, N. G., Huesmann, L. R., & Spindler, A. (2003). Community violence exposure, social cognition, and aggression among urban elementary school children. Child Development, 74, 1561–1576.
Haapasalo, J., & Tremblay, R. E. (1994). Physically aggressive boys from ages 6 to 12: Family background, parenting behavior, and prediction of delinquency. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1044–1052.
Hart R. D., & Hare R. D. (1997). Psychopathy: Assessment and association with criminal conduct. In D. M. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J. D. Maser (Eds): Handbook of antisocial behavior (pp. 22–35). New York: Wiley.
Henggler, S. W., Melton, G. B., & Smith, L. A. (1992). Family preservation using multi-systemic therapy: An effective alternative to incarcerating serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 953–961.
Heppner, P. P. (1988). The problem-solving inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Herjanic, B., & Reich, W. (1982). Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement between child and parent on individual symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 307–324.
Hinshaw, S. P., & Anderson, C. A. (1996). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 113–152). NewYork: Guilford Press.
Hinshaw, S. P., Lahey, B. B., & Hart, E. L. (1993). Issues of taxonomy and co-morbidity in the development of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 31–50.
Hinshaw, S. P., & Lee, S. S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (2nd ed). New York: Guilford Press.
Hodges, K., Kline, J., Stern, L., Cytryn, L., & McKnew, D. (1982). The development of a child assessment interview for research and clinical use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10(2), 173–189.
Kazdin, A. E. (2004). Psychotherapy with children. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp. 543–589). New York: Wiley.
Keenan, K., Loeber, R., Zhang, Q., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van Kammen, W. B. (1995). The influence of deviant peers on the development of boys' disruptive and delinquent behavior: A temporal analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 715–726.
Kelley, M. L., Reitman, D., & Noell, G. H. (2003). Practitioner's guide to empirically based measures of school behavior. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Lachar, D., & Gruber, C. P. (1995a). Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY) manual: Technical guide. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Lachar, D., & Gruber, C. P. (1995b). Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY) manual: Administration and interpretation guide. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Lachar, D., Wingenfeld, S. A., Kline, R. B., & Gruber, C. P. (2000). Student behavior survey. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Hart, E. L., Frick, P., Applegate, B., Zhang, Q., Green, S. M., & Russo, M. F. (1995). Four-Year longitudinal study of conduct disorder in boys: Patterns and predictors of persistence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 83–93.
Larson, J., & Lochman, J. E. (2002). Helping schoolchildren cope with anger: A cognitive behavioral intervention. New York: Guilford Press.
Leff, S. S., Crick, N. R., Angelucci, J., Haye, K., Jawad, A. F., Grossman, M., et al. (2006) Social cognition in context: Validating a cartoon-based attributional measure for urban girls. Child Development, 77, 1351–1358.
Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000). The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 309–337.
Lochman, J. E. (1987). Self and peer perceptions and attributional biases of aggressive and nonaggressive boys in dyadic interactions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 404–410.
Lochman, J. E. (2000). Conduct disorder. In W. E. Craighead & C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and neuroscience (3rd edition, pp. 343–345). New York: Wiley.
Lochman, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). Social-cognitive processes of severly violent, moderately aggressive, and nonaggressive boys. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 62, 366–374.
Lochman, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1998). Distorted perceptions in dyadic interactions of aggressive and nonaggressive boys: Effects of prior expectations, context, and boys' age. Development & Psychopathology, 10, 495–512.
Lochman, J. E., Meyer, B. L., Rabiner, D. L., & White, K. J. (1991). Parameters influencing social problem-solving of aggressive children. In R. Prinz (Ed.), Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families (Vol. 5, pp. 31–63). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Lochman, J. E., & Wayland, K. K. (1994). Aggression, social acceptance, and race as predictors of negative adolescent outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1026–1035.
Lochman, J. E., Wayland, K. K., & White, K. J. (1993). Social goals: Relationship to adolescent adjustment and to social problem solving. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 135–151.
Lochman, J. E., & Wells, K. C. (2002). Contextual social-cognitive mediators and child outcome: A test of the theoretical model in the Coping Power Program. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 971–993.
Lochman, J. E., & Wells, K. C. (2004). The Coping Power program for preadolescent aggressive boys and their parents: Outcome effects at the one-Year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 571–578.
Loeber, R., Green, S. M., Keenan, K., & Lahey, B. B. (1995). Which boys will fare worse? Early predictors of conduct disorder in a six-Year longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 499–509.
Maddox, S. J. & Prinz, R. J. (2003). School bonding in children and adolescents: Conceptualization, assessment, and associated variables. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 31–49.
McLeod, J. D. & Shanahan, M. J. (1996). Trajectories of poverty and children's mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 207–220.
McMahon, R. J., & Metzler, C. W. (1998). Selecting parenting measures for assessing family-based prevention interventions. In R. S. Ashery, E. B. Robertson, & K. L. Kumpfer (Eds)Drug abuse prevention through family intervention. NIDA Research Monograph 177: Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Merrell, K. W. (2002).School Social Behavior Scales, Second Edition. Eugene, OR: Assessment-Intervention Resources.
Merrell, K. W., & Caldarella, P. (2002).Home and Community Social Behavior Scales. Eugene, OR: Assessment-Intervention Resources.
Milich, R., & Dodge, K. A. (1984). Social information processing in child psychiatric populations.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 12, 471–490.
Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy.Psychology Review 100, 674–701.
Murray, L., Sinclair, D., Cooper, P., Ducournau, P., & Turner, P. (1999). The socioemo-tional development of 5-year-old children of postnatally depressed mothers.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40, 1259–1271.
Myers, W. C., Burket, R. C., & Otto, T. A. (1993). Conduct disorder and personality disorders in hospitalized adolescents.Journal of Clinical Psychology 54, 21–26.
Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Parental and early childhood predictors of persistent physical aggression in boys from kindergarten to high school.Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 389–394.
Naglieri, J. A., LeBuffe, P. A., & Pfeiffer, S. I. (1994).Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Nelson, W. M., Finch, A. J., & Hart, K. J. (2006).Conduct Disorders: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments. New York: Springer.
Orobio de Castro, B., Veerman, J. W., Koops, W., Bosch, J. D., & Monshouwer, H. J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: A meta-analysis.Child Development 73, 916–934.
Pardini, D.A., Lochman, J.E., & Frick, P.J. (2003). Callous/unemotional traits and social cognitive processes in adjudicated youth.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 42, 364–371.
Pinderhughes, E. E., Nix, R., Foster, E. M., Jones, D., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2001). Parenting in context: Impact of neighborhood poverty, residential stability, public services, social networks and danger on parental behaviors.Journal of Marriage and Family 63, 941–953.
Quay, H. C., & Peterson, D. R. (1996).Revised Behavior Problem Checklist, PAR Edition. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Rabiner, D. L., Lenhart, L., & Lochman, J. E. (1990). Automatic vs. reflective social problem solving in relation to children's sociometric status.Developmental Psychology 26, 1010–1026.
Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2005).Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
Reynolds, W. M. (1998a).Adolescent Psychopathology Scale: Administration and interpretive manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Reynolds, W. M. (1998b).Adolescent Psychopathology Scale: Psychometric and technical manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Reynolds, W. M. (2000).Adolescent Psychopathology Scale-Short Form: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Schachar, R., & Tannock, R. (1995). Test of four hypotheses for the comorbidity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34, 639–648.
Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C., Dulcan, M., & Schwab-Stone, M. (2000). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 39, 28–38.
Spivack, G., Shure, M. B., & Platt, J. J. (1985).Means-Ends Problem Solving (MEPS). Stimuli and scoring procedures supplement. Unpublished document, Philadelphia: Hahnemann University, Preventive Intervention Research Center.
Stone, A. A., & Neale, J. M. (1982). Development of a methodology for assessing daily experiences. In A. Baum & J. Singer (Eds)Advances in environmental psychology. environment and health. Volume IV. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Stormshak, E. A., Bierman, K. L., McMahon, R. J., Lengua, L. J., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2000). Parenting practices and child disruptive behavior problems in early elementary school.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 29, 17–29.
Thomas, D. E., Bierman, K. L., & the Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2006). The impact of classroom aggression on the development of aggressive behavior problems in children.Development and Psychopathology 18, 471–487.
Vaillancourt, T., & Hymel, S. (2006) Aggression and social status: The moderating roles of sex and peer-valued characteristics.Aggressive Behavior 32, 396–408.
van Goozen, S. H. M., Matthys, W., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Gispen-de Wied, C., Wiegant, V. M., & van Engeland, H. (1998). Salivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity during stress in oppositional-defiant disorder boys and normal controls.Biological Psychiatry 43, 531–539.
Williams, S. C., Lochman, J. E., Phillips, N. C., & Barry, T. D. (2003). Aggressive and nonaggressive boys' physiological and cognitive processes in response to peer provocations.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 32, 568–576.
Wirt, R. D., Lachar, D., Seat, P. D., & Broen, W. E., Jr. (2001).Personality Inventory for Children — Second Edition. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Zaslow, M. J., Weinfield, N. S., Gallagher, M., Hair, E. C., Ogawa, J. R., Egeland, B., et al. (2006). Longitudinal prediction of child outcomes from differing measures of parenting in a low-income sample.Developmental Psychology 42, 27–37.
Zoccolillo, M. (1993). Gender and the development of conduct disorder.Development and Psychopathology 5, 65–78.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Powell, N.R., Lochman, J.E., Jackson, M.F., Young, L., Yaros, A. (2009). Assessment of Conduct Problems. In: Matson, J.L., Andrasik, F., Matson, M.L. (eds) Assessing Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09528-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09528-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-09527-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-09528-8
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)