Abstract
Polyamides are engineering plastics with a wide application area. The first part of this contribution deals with the degradation of polyamides including the discussion of degradation mechanism. The fast, controlled degradation reaction in the melt occurs upon addition of carboxylic acid and carboxylic anhydride compounds. Oligoamides with a defined molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution could be obtained in such a fast melt modification reaction by reactive extrusion. The general degradation mechanism
includes “risk and chances” for reactive extrusion processes and is transferred to several polymer processing systems. By reactive extrusion new polymer materials could be obtained e.g. new graft and block copolymers. It was also possible to transfer chemical reaction into injection moulding processes to increase the bond strength in two-component injection and sandwich moulding processes or to modify the surface properties during an injection moulding process.
Keywords
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Abbreviations
- ε :
-
Elongation (%)
- σ :
-
Tensile strength (MPa)
- η :
-
Intrinsic viscosity
- η red :
-
Reduced viscosity of solution (dl g−1)
- AAc:
-
Acrylic acid
- acN :
-
Impact strength of notched specimen, 23°C (kJ m−2)
- acU :
-
Impact strength of unnotched specimen, 23°C (kJ m−2)
- DMA:
-
N,N dimethyl acetamide
- EVA:
-
Ethylene–vinylacetate copolymer
- h:
-
Hour
- HFo:
-
Formic acid
- K p :
-
Boiling point
- MAn:
-
Maleic anhydride
- MFI:
-
Melt flow index [240°C/2.16 kg (g/10 min)]
- \( {M_{\text{n}}}^{{\text{theor}}.} \) :
-
Calculated molecular weight based on added degradation compound
- M w/M n :
-
Molecular weight distribution
- PA-12:
-
Polyamide 12
- PA-6:
-
Polyamide 6
- PA-6.6:
-
Polyamide 6.6
- PAAc:
-
Polyacrylic acid
- PP-gAAc:
-
Acrylic acid grafted polypropylene
- PP-gMAn:
-
Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene
- TMAn:
-
Trimellitic anhydride
- TPEVa :
-
EVA-g{[5 wt%]AAc}, EVA with 5 wt% grafted PAAc (homopolymer) chains
- TPEVb :
-
EVA-g{[5 wt%]AAc-co-[5 wt%]S}, EVA with grafted copolymer chains consisting of 5 wt% AAc and 5 wt% styrene
- TPU:
-
Thermoplastic polyurethane
- wt%:
-
Weight%
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Lehmann, D. (2009). Melt Modification of Polyamides. In: Eyerer, P., Weller, M., Hübner, C. (eds) Polymers - Opportunities and Risks II. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2009_16
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