Skip to main content

The Effects of Estrogens on Cognition and Alzheimer's Dementia

  • Chapter
  • 802 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arimatsu Y, Hatamaka H (1986) Estrogen treatment enhances survival of cultured amygdala neurons in a defined medium. Dev Brain Res 26: 151–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong RA (1995) Beta-amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe in elderly non-demented brains and in Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia 6: 121–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asthana S, Craft S et al. (1999) Cognitive and neuroendocrine response to trans-dermal estrogen in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer’s disease: results of a placebo controlled, double-blind, pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinolgy 24: 657–677

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barret-Connor, Kritz-Silverstein D (1993) Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive function in older women. JAMA 260: 2637–2641

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartus RT, Dean RL, Beer B, Lippa AD (1981) The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science 217: 208–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Birge SJ (1994) The role of estrogen deficiency in the aging of the central nervous system. In: Lobo RA (ed) Treatment of the postmenopausal woman: basic clinical aspects. Raven Press, New York, 153–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner DE, Kukull WA, Stergachis A, van Belle G, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Larson EB (1994) Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 140: 262–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell BM (1954) An evaluation of psychological effects of sex hormone administration in aged women. J Gerontol 9: 168–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell BM, Watson RI (1952) An evaluation of psychologic effects of sex hormone administration in aged women. Results of therapy after 6 months. J Gerontol 7: 228–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S, Whitehead M (1977) Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1: 31–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakravorthy, Halbreich U (1997) Estrogen and platelet activity in postmenopausal women. Psychopharm Bull 33: 229–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung SK, Pfaff DW, Cohen RS (1988) Estrogen-induced alterations in synaptic morphology in the midbrain central gray. Exp Brain Res 69: 522–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa MM, Reus VI (1999) Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive decline in memory impaired post-menopausal women. Biol Psychiatry 46: 182–188

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coyle JT, Price DL, DeLong MR (1983) Alzheimer’s disease: a disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science 219: 1184–1190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derby CA, Hume AL, McPhillips JB, Rarbour MM, Carleton RA (1995) Prior and current health characteristics of postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy users compared with nonusers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173: 544–550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ditkoff EC, Crary WG, Cristo M, Lobo RA (1991) Estrogen improves psychological function in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 78: 991–995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faivre-Bauman A, Rosenbaum E, Puymirate J, Grouselle D, Tixier-Vidal A (1981) Differentiation of fetal mouse hypothalamic cells in a serum-free medium. Dev Neurosci 4: 118–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedor-Freybergh P (1977) The Influence of oestrogens on the wellbeing and mental performance in climacteric and postmenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 3: 64–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillit H, Weinreb H, Cholst I (1986) Observations in a preliminary open trial of estradiol therapy for senile dementia (Alzheimer’s type). Psychoneuroendocrinology 11: 337–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackman R., Galbraith D (1976) Replacement therapy with piperazine oestrone sulfate and its effect on memory. Curr Med Res Opin 4: 303–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich U (1995) Estrogen as a potential psychotropic medication. Presented at the 26th Congress of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology, September, Munich, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich U (1995) Menstrually related disorders: What we do know, what we only believe we know, and what we know that we do not know. Crit Rev Neurobiol 2/3: 163–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich U (1997) Role of estrogen in postmenopausal depression. Neurology 48(Suppl 7): 16–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich U, Piletz JE, Carson S, Halaris A, and Rojansky N (1993) Increased imidazoline and alpha-2 adrenergic binding in platelets of women with dysphoric premenstrual syndromes. Biol Psychiatry 34: 676–686

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich U, Rojansky N, Palter S, Tworek H, Hissin P, Wang K (1995) Estrogen augments serotonergic activity in postmenopausal women. Biol Psychiatry 37: 434–441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson E, Kimura D (1988) Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills. Behav Neurosci 102: 456–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hefti F, Knusel B, Lapchak PA (1993) Protective effects of nerve growth factor and brain derived neurotrophic factor on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in adult rats with partial fimbrial transections. Progr Brain Res 98: 257–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemminki E, Malin M, Topo P (1993) Selection to postmenopausal therapy by women’s characteristics. J Clin Epiderniol 46: 211–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson VW (1997) The epidemiology of estrogen replacement therapy and Alzheimers disease. Neurology 48(Suppl 7): 27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson YW, Paganini-Hill A, Emmanuel CK, Dunn ME, Buckwalter JG (1994) Estrogen replacement therapy in older women. Comparisons between Alzheimers disease cases and non-demented control subjects. Arch Neurol 51: 896–900

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogervorst E, Boshuisen M, Riedel W, Willeken C, Jolles J (1999) The effect of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function in elderly women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 24: 43–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honjo H, Ogino Y, Naitoh K (1989) In vivo effects by estrone sulfate on the central nervous system: Senile dementia (Alzheimer’s type). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 34: 521–525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvik LF (1975) Human intelligence: sex differences. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Rome) 24: 189–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jorm AF, Korten AE, Henderson AS (1987) The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand 76: 465–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn L, Halbreich U (1999) Menopause and psychopharmacology: signs, symptoms, and treatment. In: Crosignani PG, Kenemans K, Wenger NK, Jackson AS (eds) Women’s Health and Menopause: Risk Reduction Strategies — Improved Quality of Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 131–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Kampen D, Sherwin B (1994) Estrogen use and verbal memory in healthy postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 83: 979–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kantor HI, Michael CM, Shore H (1973) Estrogen for older women. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 116: 115–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawata M (1995) Roles of steroid hormones and their receptors in structural organization in the central nervous system. Neurosci Res 24: 1–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall DA, Stancel GM, Enna SJ (1981) Imipramine: effect of ovarian steroids on modifications in serotonin receptor binding. Science 211: 1183–1185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner A, Cole R, Debanne S (1995) Immunological and endocrine conditions in an Alzheimer’s disease case-control study (abstract). Neuroepidemiology 14: 307

    Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS, Alves SE, Bulloch K, Weiland NG (1997) Ovarian steroids and the brain: implications for cognition and aging. Neurology 48(Suppl 7): S8–S15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS, Woolley CS (1994) Estradiol and progesterone regulate neuronal structure and synaptic connectivity in adult as well as developing brain. Exp Gerontol 29: 431–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH (1999) The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 340: 1801–1811

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison A, Resnik S, Corrada M, Zonderman A, Kawas C (1996) A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging (abstract). Neurology 46(Suppl 2): 435–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortel KF, Meyer JS (1995) Lack of postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and risk of dementia. J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci 7: 334–337

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nass R, Raker S (1991) Androgen effects on cognition: congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Psychoendocrinology 16: 189–201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nee LE, Eldrige R, Sunderland T, Thomas CB, Katz D, Thompson KE, Weingartner H, Weiss H, Julian C, Cohen R (1987) Dementia of the Alzheimer type: clinical and family study of 22 twin pairs. Neurology 37: 359–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohkura T, Teshima Y, Isse K, et al (1994) Estrogen increases cerebral and cerebellar blood flows in postmenopausal. Menopause 2: 13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Okhura T, Isse K, Akazawa K (1995) Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: 7 case reports. Dementia 6: 99–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW (1994) Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 140: 256–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paganini-Hill A, Henderson YW (1996) Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Intern Med 156: 2213–2217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL (1995) Genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. Trends Genet 11: 504–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perlman S (1973) Cognitive abilities of children with hormone abnormalities: screening by psychoeducational tests. J Learn Disabil 6: 24–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips SM, Sherwin ER (1992) Effects of estrogen on memory function in surgically menopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 17: 485–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polderman KR, Sthouwer CD, van Kamp GJ, Schalkwijk CG, Gooren LJ (1993) Influence of sex hormones on plasma endothelin levels. Ann Intern Med 118: 429–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rarrett-Connor, E and Goodman-Gruen (1999) Cognitive function and endogenous sex hormones in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 11: 1289–1293

    Google Scholar 

  • Regland B, Gottfries CG (1992) The role of amyloid beta-protein in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 340: 467–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resnik S, Berenbaum S, Gottesman T, Bouchard T (1986) Early hormonal influences on cognitive functioning in congenital adrenal hypreplasia. Dev Psychol 22: 191–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Rirge SJ (1997) The role of estrogen in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 48(Suppl 7): 36–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosencrans JA (1970) Differences in brain area 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover and rearing behavior in rats and mice of both sexes. Eur J Pharmacol 9: 379–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Sar M, Stumpf WE (1981) Central noradrenergic neurones concentrate 3H-oestradiol. Nature 289: 500–502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider LS, Farlow MR, Henderson VW, Pogoda JM (1996) Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on response to tacrine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 46: 1580–1584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Pugh KR et al. (1999) Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks. JAMA 281: 1197–1202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherwin BB (1997) Estrogen effects on cognition in menopausal women. Neurology 48(Suppl 7): 21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherwin BB, Phillips S (1990) Estrogen and cognitive functioning in surgically menopausal women. Ann NY Acad Sci 592: 474–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherwin BR, Tulandi T (1996) "Add-back" estrogen reverses cognitive deficits induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in women with leiomyomata uteri. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 2545–2549

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherwin ER (1994) Estrogenic effects on memory in women. Ann NY Acad Sci 743: 213–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shugrue PJ, Dorsa DM (1993) Estrogen modulates the growth-associated protein GAP-43 (neuromodulin) mRNA in the rat preoptic area and basal hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 57: 439–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Meyer EM, Millard WJ, Sirnpkins JW (1994) Ovarian steroid deprivation results in a reversible learning impairment and compromised cholinergic function in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Res 644: 305–312

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Small GW, Leuchter AF, Mandelkern MA, La Rue A, Okonek A, Lufkin RB, Jarvik LF, Matsuyama SS, Bondareff W (1993) Clinical, neuroimaging, and environmental risk differences in monozygotic female twins appearing discordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch of Neurol 50: 209–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorabji F, Miranda RC, Toran-Allerand CD (1994) Estrogen differentially regulates estrogen and nerve growth factor receptor mRNAs in adult sensory neurons. J Neurosci 14: 459–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, Marder K, Schofield P, Gurland B, Andrews H, Mayenx R (1996) Effect of estrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheime’s disease. Lancet 348: 429–432

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terasawa E, Timiras P (1968) Electrical activity during the estrous cycle of the rat: cyclic changes in limbic structures. Endocrinology 83: 207–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toran-Allerand CD (1984) On the genesis of sexual differentiation of the central nervous system: morphogenic consequences of steroidal exposure and possible role of a fetoprotein. Progr Brain Res 61: 63–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toran-Allerand CD (1993) Orgnotypic culture of the developing cerebral cortex and hypothalamus: relevance to sexual differentiation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 57: 439–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Toran-Allerand CD, Miranda RC, Bentharn WD, Sohrabji F, Brown TJ, Hochberg RB, MacLusky NJ (1992) Estrogen receptors colocalize with low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 4668–4672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Buren G, Yang D, Clark KE (1992) Estrogen-induced uterine vasodilation isantogonized by L-nitroarginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167: 828–833

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Duijn CM, Hofman A (1992) Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease: the EURODEM collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. Neuroepidemiology 11(Suppl 1): 106–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warren SG, Humphreys AG, Juraska JM, Greenough WT (1995) LTP varies across the estrous cycle: enhanced synaptic plasticity in proestrus rats. Brain Res 703: 26–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong M, Moss RL (1992) Long-term and short-term electrophysiological effects of estrogen on the synaptic properties hippocampal CA1 neurons. J Neurosci 12: 3217–3225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolley CS, McEwen BS (1993) Roles of estradiol and progesterone in regulation of hippocampal dendritic spine density during the estrous cycle in the rat. J Comp Neurol 57: 935–939

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Glinn MA, Ostrowski NL, Su Y, Ni B, Cole HW, Bryant HN, Paul SM (1999) Raloxifene and estradiol benzoate both fully restore hippocampal choline acetyl-transferase activity in ovarectomized rats. Brain Res 847: 98–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Edwin, T., Halbreich, U. (2005). The Effects of Estrogens on Cognition and Alzheimer's Dementia. In: Bergemann, N., Riecher-Rössler, A. (eds) Estrogen Effects in Psychiatric Disorders. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-27063-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-27063-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-40485-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-27063-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics