Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the electronic structure of nanoscale metallic magnets. After an introduction to methods of electronic structure calculations, we review how recent trends translate into the description of magnetic nanostructures. Among the considered structures are nanowires, small particles, surfaces and interfaces, and multilayers, and emphasis is on magnetic properties such as moment and magnetization, interatomic exchange, and anisotropy.
Keywords
- Magnetic Anisotropy
- Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy
- Pseudopotential Method
- Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
- Ballistic Conductance
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, and B. K. Rao, Materials Science Forum 232, 1 (1996).
B. Delley, D. E. Ellis, and A. J. Freeman, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 30, 71 (1982).
D. P. Pappas, A. P. Popov, A. N. Anisimov, B. V. Reddy, S. N. Khanna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4332 (1996).
Primer in Density Functional Theory (Lecture Notes in Physics 620; Computational Materials Science. From Basic Principles to Material Properties; Lecture Notes in Phys. Vol. 642).
O. K. Andersen, Phys. Rev. B 12, 3060 (1975).
O. K. Andersen and O. Jepsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 2571 (1984).
O. K. Andersen, Euro Phys. News 12, 1 (1981).
H. L. Skriver, “The LMTO Method”, Springer, Berlin 1984.
A. R. Williams, J. Kubler, and C. D. Gelatt, Phys. Rev. B 19, 6094 (1979).
C. Koenig, N. Stefanou, and J. M. Koch, Phys. Rev. B 33, 5307 (1986).
O. Gunnarson, O. Jepsen, and O. K. Andersen, Phys. Rev. B 27, 7144 (1983).
J. Harris, in “The Electronic Structure of Complex Systems”, Eds W. Temmerman and P. Phariseau, Plenum, New York 1984.
F. Casula and F. Herman, J Chem. Phys. 78, 858 (1983).
M. Springborg and O.K. Andersen, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 7125 (1987).
M. Springborg and R.O. Jones, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1145 (1986).
T. Fuziwara, J. Phys. F 16, 869 (1986).
G. F. Fernando, B. R. Cooper, M. V. Ramana, H. Krakauer, and C. Q. Ma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2299 (1986).
D. Glotzel, B. Segall, and O. K. Andersen, Solid State Commun. 36, 403 (1980).
P. Blaha, K. Schwarz, and P. Sorantin, Computer Physics Communications 59, 399 (1990). See also wien2k package.
H. J. F. Jansen and A. J. Freeman, Phys. Rev. B 30, 561 (1984).
M. Methfessel and M. van Schilfgaarde, Inter. J. of Modern Physics B. 7, 262 (1993).
K. Koepernik and H. Eschrig, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1743 (1999).
J. Wang and T. L. Beck, Journal of Chemical Physics 112, 9223 (2000).
G. Kresse and J. Furthmüller, Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169 (1996).
G.-M. Rignanese, X. Gonze, A. Pasquarello, “Ab-Initio Calculations of the Structural, Electronic and Dynamical Properties of High-k Dielectrics”, Ed. M. Houssa, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2004, pp 431.
M. M. G. Alemany, M. Jain, L. Kronik, and J. R. Chelikowsky, Phys. Rev. B 69, 75101 (2004).
R. Haydock, in “Solid State Physics: Advances in Research and Applications”, Eds H. Ehrenreich, F. Seitz, D. Turnbull, Acedemic, New York 1980, Vol. 35, p 216.
J. Gaspard and F. Cyrot-Lackmann, J. Phys C 6, 3077 (1973).
W. A. Harrison, “Electronic Structure and Properties of Solids”, Freeman, San Fransisco 1980.
J. C. Slater and G. F. Koster, Phys. Rev. 94, 1498 (1954).
J. Fidler and T. Schrefl, Journal of Physics D 33, R135 (2000).
U. von Barth and L. Hedin, J. Phys. C 5, 1629 (1972).
O. Gunnarson, J. Phys F 6, 587 (1976).
J. F. Janak, Phys. Rev. B 16, 255 (1977).
D. G. Pettifor, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 15, 847 (1980).
H. Takayama, K. P. Bohnen, and P. Fulde, Phys. Rev. B 14, 2287 (1976).
J. G. Gay and R. Richter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2728 (1986).
P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. B 39, 865 (1989).
S. Pick and Dreyssee, Phys. Rev. B, 48, 13588 (1993).
M. Cinal, D. M. Edwards, and J. Mathon, Phys. Rev. B 50, 3754 (1994).
H. Victora and J. M. McLaren, Phys. Rev. B 47,11 583 (1993).
J. Trygg, B. Johanson, O. Erikson, and J. M. Wills, Phys. Rev.Lett. 75, 2871 (1995).
G. H. O. Daalderop, P. J. Kelly, and M. F. H. Schuurmans, Phys.Rev. B 41,11 919 (1990); 42, 7270 (1990).
C. Li, A. J. Freeman, H. J. F. Jansen, and C. L. Fu, Phys. Rev. B 42, 5433 (1990).
D. S. Wang, R. Wu, and A. J. Freeman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 869 (1993).
A. R. Mackintosh and O. K. Andersen, in “Electrons at the Fermi Surface, Ed. M. Sprinford, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, Chap. 53.
V. Heine, in “Solid State Physics—Advances in Research and Applications”, Eds. H. Ehrenreich, D. Turnbull, and F. Seitz, Academic Press, New York 1980, Vol. 35, p. 114.
A Aharoni, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 197, 786 (1999).
K. Moorjani and J. M. D. Coey, “Magnetic Glasses”, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1984.
M. Uhl and J. Kubler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 334 (1996).
A. I. Liechtenstein, M. I. Katsnelson, V. P. Antropov, and V. A. Gubanov, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 67, 65 (1987).
V. A. Gubanov, A. I. Liechtenstein, and A. V. Postnikov, “Magnetism and the Electronic Structure of Crystals”, Springer, Berlin 1992.
R. F. Sabirianov and S. S. Jaswal, Phys. Rev B 57, 7767 (1998).
A. Kashyap, R. Skomski, R. F. Sabiryanov, S. S. Jaswal, and D. J. Sellmyer, IEEE Trans. Magn. 39, 2908 (2003).
A. Kashyap, R. Skomski, A. K. Solanki, Y. F. Xu, and D.J. Sellmyer, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 7480 (2004).
W. Hansen, J.P. Kottaus, and U. Merkt, Semiconductor Semimetals 35, 279 (1992).
M. Kastner, Phys. Today, Jan 24 (1993).
P. Ordejon, Comp. Mat. Sci. 12, 157 (1998).
I. M. L. Billas, A. Chatelain, and W. A. de Heer, Science 265, 1682 (1994).
S. E. Apsel, J. W. Emmert, J. Deng, and L. A. Bloomfield, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1441 (1996).
M. Respaud, M. Goiran, and J. M. Broto, Phys. Rev. B 59, R3934 (1999).
K. Lee, J. Callaway, and S. Dhar, Phys. Rev. B 30, 1724 (1985).
C. Jamorski, A. Martinez, M. Castro, and D. R. Salahub, Phys. Rev. B 55, 10905 (1997).
Y. Jinlong, F. Toigo, and W. Kelin, Phys. Rev. B 50, 7915 (1994).
G. M. Pastor, “Atomic Clusters and Nanoparticles”, NATO ASI Series, Les Houches Session LXXIII, Eds. C. Guet, P. Hobza, F. Spiegelman, and F. David, Springer, Berlin 2001, p 335.
V. Kumar and Y. Kawazoe, Phys. Rev. B 66, 144413 (1994).
A. J. Cox, J. G. Louderback, and L. A. Bloomfield, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 923 (1993).
A. J. Cox, J. G. Louderback, S. E. Apsel, and L. A. Bloomfield, Phys. Rev. B 49, 12295 (1994).
B. V. Reddy, S. N. Khanna, and B. I. Dunlap, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3323 (1993).
G. Ganteför and W. Eberhardt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4975 (1996).
G. M. Pastor, J. Dorantes-Dávila, and K. H. Bennemann, Phys. Rev. B 40, 7642 (1989).
J. Dorantes-Dávila, H. Dreysse and G. M. Pator, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10432 (1992).
F. Lopez-Urias, G. M. Pastor, and K. H. Bennemann, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4909 (2000).
B. Piveteau, M. C. Desjonquéres, A. M. Oles, and D. Spanjaard, Phys. Rev. B 53, 9251 (1996).
J. L. Rodriguez-Lopez, F. Aguilera-Granja, A. Vega, and J. A. Alonso, Eur. Phys. J. D 6, 235 (1999).
R. Guirado-López, M. C. Desjonquéres, and D. Spanjaard, Phys. Rev. B 62, 13188 (2000).
M. Jamet, M. Negrier, V. Dupuis, J. Tuaillon-Combes, P. Melinon, A. Perez, W. Wernsdorfer, B. Barbara, and B. Baguenard, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 237, 293 (2001).
M. Jamet, W. Wernsdorfer, C. Thirion, D. Mailly, V. Dupuis, P. Melinon, and A. Perez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4676 (2001).
A. Thiaville, Phys. Rev. B 61, 12221 (2000).
R. Dittrich, A. Thiaville, J. Miltat, and T. Schrefl, J. of Appl. Phys. 93, 7891 (2003).
R. F. Sabiryanov, M. I. Larsson, K. Cho, W. D. Nix, B. M. Clemens, Phys. Rev. B 67, 125412 (2003).
P. Gambardella, S. Rusponi, M. Veronese, S. S. Dhesi, C. Grazioli, A. Dallmeyer, I. Cabria, R. Zeller, P. H. Dederichs, K. Kern, C. Carbone, and H. Brune, Science 300, 1130 (2003).
A. N Andriotis and M. Menon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 026402/1 (2004).
P. Lang, V. S. Stepanyuk, K. Wildberger, R. Zeller, and P. H. Dederichs, Solid State Commun. 92, 755,1994.
K. Wildberger, V. S. Stepanyuk, P. Lang, R. Zeller, and P. H. Dederichs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 509 (1995).
B. Nonas, K. Wildberger, R. Zeller, and P. H. Dederichs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4574 (1998).
N. A. Levanov, V. S. Stepanyuk, W. Hergert, D. I. Bazhanov, P. H. Dederichs, A. A. Katsnelson, and C. Massobrio, Phys. Rev. B 61, 2230 (2000).
V. S. Stepanyuk and W. Hergert, Phys. Rev. B 62, 7542 (2000).
I. Cabria, B. Nonas, R. Zeller, and P. H. Dederichs, Phys. Rev. B 65, 054414 (2002).
B. Lazarovits, L. Szunyogh, and P. Weinberger, Phys. Rev. B 65, 104441 (2002).
Y. Qiang, R. Sabirianov, S. S. Jaswal, Y. Liu, H. Haberland, and D. J. Sellmyer, Phys. Rev. B 66, 064404 (1977).
R. Robles, R. C. Longo, A. Vega, C. Rey, V. Stepanyuk, and L. J. Gallego, Phys. Rev. B 66, 064410/1(2002).
E. F. Kneller and R. Hawig, IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 3588 (1991).
Z. Hao, L. Jing, J. P. Liu, Z. L. Wang, and Sun Shouheng, Nature 420, 395 (2002).
H. Zeng, R. Sabirianov, O. Mryasov, K. Cho, and D. J. Sellmyer, Phys. Rev. B 66, 184425 (2002).
Y. Kondo and K. Takayanag, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3455 (1997).
I. Lisiecki and A. Filankembo, Phys. Rev. B 61, 4968 (2000).
J. L. Lin, D. Y. Petrovykh, A. Kirakosian, H. Rauscher, and F. J. Himpsel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 829 (2001).
B. H. Hong, S. C. Bae, C.-W. Lee, S. Jeong, K. S. Kim, Science 294, 348 (2001).
K. Kondo and K. Takayanagi, Science 289, 606 (2000). Y. Oshima, H. Koizumi, K. Mouri, H. Hirayama, and K. Takayanagi, Phys. Rev. B 65, 121401 (2002).
A. Fert and L. Piraux, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200, 338 (1999).
R. Skomski, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15, R841 (2003).
M. Wienert and A.J. Freeman, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 38, 23 (1983).
H. Jisang and R. Q. Wu, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8764 (2003).
A. Delin and E. Tosatti, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, 8061 (2004).
P. Gambardella, A. Dallmeyer, K. Maiti, M.C. Malagoli, S. Rusponi, P. Ohresser, W. Eberhardt, C. Carbone, and K. Kern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 077203/1 (2004).
D. Spisak and J. Hafner, Phys. Rev. B 65, 235405 (2002).
Y. J. Jin, I. G. Kim, and J. I. Lee, J. Korean Phys Soc 43, 1071 (2003).
Y. J. Jin, I. G. Kim, and J. I. Lee, Phys Stat Sol. (b) 241, 1431 (2004).
P. Gambardella, A. Dallmeyer, K. Maiti, M. C. Malagoli, W. Eberhardt, K. Kern, and C. Carbone, Nature (London) 416, 301 (2002).
B. Wang, X. Chen, G. Chen, G. Wang, and J. Zhao, Solid State Commun. 129, 25 (2004).
A. K. Solanki, R. F. Sabiryanov, E. Y. Tsymbal, and S. S. Jaswal, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 272–276, 1730 (2004).
H. D. Chopra and S. Z. Hua, Phys. Rev. B 66, 020403(R) (2002).
H. Wan, H. Cheng, and N. Garcia, arXiv:cond-mat/0207516.
N. Garcia, M. Munoz, V. V. Osipov, E. V. Ponizovskaya, G. G. Qian, I. G. Saveliev, Y.-W. Zhao, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 240, 92 (2002).
N. Garcia, M. Munoz, and Y.-W. Zhao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2923 (1999).
G. Tatara, Y.-W. Zhao, M. Munoz, and N. Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2030 (1999).
J. J. Versluijs, M. A. Bari, and J. M. D. Coey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 026601 (2001).
L. R. Tagirov, B. P. Vodopyanov, and K. B. Efetov, Phys. Rev. B 63, 104428 (2001).
P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2425 (1999); V. A Molyneux, V. V. Osipov, and E. V. Ponizovskaya, Phys. Rev. B 65, 184425 (2002).
M. Y. Zhuravlev, E. Y. Tsymbal, S. S. Jaswal, A. V. Vedyayev, and B. Dieny, App. Phys. Lett. 83, 3534 (2003).
J. D. Burton, A. Kashyap, M. Ye. Zhuravlev, R. Skomski, E. Y. Tsymbal, S. S. Jaswal, O. N. Mryasov, and R. W. Chantrell, App. Phys. Lett. 85, 251 (2004).
J. C. Cuevas, A. Levy Yeyati, and A. Martín-Rodero, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1066 (1998).
A. Levy Yeyati, A. Martín-Rodero, and F. Flores, Phys. Rev. B 56, 10369 (1997).
M. Brandbyge, N. Kobayashi, and M. Tsukada, Phys. Rev. B 60, 17064 (1999).
E. Scheer, N. Agrait, J. Carlos Cuevas, A. Levy Yeyati, B. Ludoloph, A. Martn-Rodero, G. Rubio Bollinger, J. M. van Ruitenbeek, and C. Urbina, Nature 394, 154 (1998).
N. D. Lang, Phys. Rev. B 52, 5335 (1995).
N. D. Lang, Phys. Rev. B 55, 9364 (1997).
N. D. Lang and Ph. Avouris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3515 (1998).
N. D. Lang and Ph. Avouris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 358 (2000).
N. Kobayashi, M. Brandbyge, and M. Tsukada, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 336 (1999).
N. Kobayashi, M. Aono, M. Tsukada, Phys. Rev. B 64, 121402 (2001).
N. Kobayashi, M. Brandbyge, M. Tsukada, Phys. Rev. B 62, 8430 (2000).
N. D. Lang, Phys. Rev. B 36, 8173 (1987); N. D. Lang, Phys. Rev. B 55, 9364 (1997).
S. R. Bahn and K. W. Jacobsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 266101 (2001).
H. Mehrez, A. Wlasenko, B. Larade, J. Taylor, P. Grütter, H. Guo, J. Wang, and C. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 65, 195419 (2002).
M. Brandbyge, J. Mozos, P. Ordejon, J. Taylor, and K. Stokbro, Phys. Rev. B 65, 165401 (2002).
J. Velev and W. H. Butler, Phys.Rev. B 69, 094425 (2004).
E. G. Emberly and G. Kirczenow, Phys. Rev. B 60, 6028 (1999).
M. N. Baibich, J. M. Broto, A. Fert, F. Nguyen Van Dau, and F. Petroff, P. Eitenne, G. Creuzet, A. Friederich, and J. Chazelas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2472 (1988).
R. Allenspach, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 129, 160 (1994).
“Ultrathin Magnetic Structures I, II” Eds. B. Heinrich and J. A. C. Bland, Springer, Berlin 1994.
U. Gradmann, Ann. Phys. 7, 91 (1966); U. Gradmann, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54, 733 (1986).
R. Allenspach, M. Stampanoni, and A. Bischoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3344 (1990).
B. Schulz and K. Baberschke, Phys. Rev. B 50, 13467 (1994).
F. Huang, M. T. Kief, G. J. Mankey, and R. F. Willis, Phys. Rev. B 49, 3962 (1994).
G. Bochi, C. A. Ballentine, H. E. Inglefield, C. V. Thomson, R. C. O’Handley, Hans J. Hug, B. Stiefel, A. Moser, and H. J. Gűntherodt, Phys. Rev. B 52, 7311 (1995).
C. H. Lee, H. Hee, F. J. Lamelas, W. Vavra, C. Uher, and R. Clarke, Phys. Rev. B 42, 1066 (1990).
B. Heinrich, K. B. Urquardt, A. S. Arrott, J. F. Cochran, K. Martle, and S. T. Purcell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1756 (1987).
Z. Q. Qiu, J. Pearson, and S. D. Bader, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1006 (1993).
C. Liu, E. R. Moog, and S. D. Bader, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2422 (1988).
D. P. Pappas, K. P. Kämper, and H. Hopster, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3179 (1990).
R. F. Sabiryanov and S. S. Jaswal, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177–181, 989 (1998); Phys. Rev. B 58, 12071 (1998).
S. van Dijken, X. Jiang, and S. S. P. Parkin, App. Phys. Lett. 83, 951 (2003).
E. Y. Tsymbal, O. N. Mryasov, and P. R. LeClair, J. Phys.: Cond. Matter 15, R109–R142 (2003).
G. H. O. Daalderop, P. J. Kelly, and M. F. H. Schuurmans, Phys. Rev. B 50, 9989 (1994).
R. Lorentz and J. Hafner, Phys. Rev. B 54, 15937 (1996).
Le Bacq, O. Eriksson, and B. Johansson, Phys. Rev. B 65, 134430 (2002).
B. Ujfalussy, L. Szunyogh, P. Bruno, and P. Weinberger, Phys. Rev. B 77, 1805 (1996).
V. S. Stepanyuk and W. Hergert, “Magnetism Structure and Interactions at the Atomic Scale”, Lect. Notes Phys. 642, Springer, Berlin Heideberg 2004, 159–176.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kashyap, A., Sabirianov, R., Jaswal, S.S. (2006). Spin-Polarized Electronic Structure. In: Sellmyer, D., Skomski, R. (eds) Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23316-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23316-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-23309-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-23316-1
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)