Advances and Innovations to Discover Nano-enabled Exquisite Tissues

Over the past decades, innovations in nanostructured ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites, as well as self-assembled materials and macromolecules have led to enormous advances in research fields related to tissue engineering and translational medicine based on diverse biomaterials. Due to the superior physicochemical, mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal properties compared to their conventional bulk counterparts, these nano-enabled materials can favourably interact with cells and tissues and even positively affect the cellular microenvironment at a nanoscale interface. In addition, nanobiomaterials are advantageous in that cell-cell communication and subsequent intracellular signalling become much more triggered rather than in the nano-free state since they possess unique characteristics in their structures, constituents or surface. Especially, nanobiomaterials allow cells collectively to show identical responses and behaviours leading to forming clusters or aligned in specific patterns, which in turn facilitates the formation of hierarchical tissue structures and helps discover the creation of elaborated tissue layers. Fruitful results and the growing amount of data obtained on using multifunctional nanobiomaterials for tissue engineering and regeneration have encouraged the far-fetched exploitation of these materials in varied formats. As a result, a simple homogeneous tissue-like construct can be upgraded to a heterogenized one with vascularized and innervated, and even to the extent that recapitulates organ-level physiology and function. This present Topical Collection focuses on demonstrating the scientific advances and innovations in nano-enabled biomaterials and technology for a certain exquisite tissue to be discovered by employing a wide range of materials, molecules, biochips and nanoelectronic devices. The Topical Collection welcomes contributions in the form of articles, reviews, or communications on broad topics, from the design and fabrication of a complex tissue or organoid to its various clinical applications.