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Influences on Diet and Stress Across Space and Time

A Contextual Perspective

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Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Health behaviors may be significantly influenced by contexts across both space and time. In the case of temporal context, for example, in 1977–1978 the average caloric intake in Americans aged 2 yr and older was estimated at 1791 kcal/d after adjusting for age group, sex, education level, race/ethnicity, household size, region, urban classification, and % poverty. By 1994–1996, the same statistic had grown to 1985 kcal/d, with significant increases in caloric intakes being observed across all age groups (Nielsen, Siega-Riz, & Popkin, 2002). Spatial context also appears to matter for health outcomes. For instance, the prevalence of low birthweight varies dramatically according to place of residence, even among genetically similar populations. The distribution of birthweights among infants of US-born black women has been shown to differ significantly (i.e., with a significantly lower mean and higher prevalences of low-birthweight babies) from the distributions for African-born black women and US-born white women (Fig. 1). Such marked variations within population subgroups suggest the presence of the effects of physical and/or social contexts on individual health over pure genetic/biological explanations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

    Daniel Kim & Ichiro Kawachi

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  1. Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, and The Gonda Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Shlomo Yehuda PhD

  2. Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA

    David I. Mostofsky PhD

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Kim, D., Kawachi, I. (2006). Influences on Diet and Stress Across Space and Time. In: Yehuda, S., Mostofsky, D.I. (eds) Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-952-4:185

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