Skip to main content

Adaptivities in the Singapore Education System: From Great to Excellent

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Adaptivity as a Transformative Disposition

Part of the book series: Education Innovation Series ((EDIN))

Abstract

This chapter explores how educational research invested in the Singapore education system enables Singapore to adapt and progress. Singapore has been characterised as a ‘great’ system because students have consistently excelled in international benchmark examinations. By analysing educational research conducted across various levels of the system, the chapter attempts to understand the underpinning reasons for why and how the system has achieved such a status. These research findings provide a snapshot of the pedagogical innovations implemented across the system to inform how Singapore can shift from great to excellent. Moving forward, transformations towards twenty-first century teaching and learning goals are encouraged. The system needs to be adaptive in different ways at various levels and yet be aligned towards a shared vision. From the analyses and discussion, the move from ‘great’ to ‘excellent’ appears to focus on qualitative dimensions such as teacher quality for student-centred outcomes over and above the typical quantitative measures. The chapter hopes to bring across the stance that this shift requires a change process with key investments on human capital, namely, the teachers in the system through a long and gradual process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The Office of Education Research is responsible for awarding funds and managing educational research in the National Institute of Education, NTU, Singapore.

References

  • Barber, M., & Mourshed, M. (2009). Shaping the future: How good education systems can become great in the decade ahead. London: McKinsey & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school (expanded edition). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Begun, J. W., Zimmerman, B., & Dooley, K. J. (2003). Health care organizations as complex adaptive systems. In S. S. Mick & M. E. Wyttenbach (Eds.), Advances in health care organization theory (pp. 253–288). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. (2008, October). Breaking the cycle: Addressing children's exposure to violence. Paper presented at the Public Health without Borders: American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, San Diego, California, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimmock, C. (2010). Leadership and its relationship with teaching and learning. SingTeach, 23. Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU & Marshall Cavendish.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engestrom, Y. (2000). Activity theory as a framework for analyzing and redesigning work. Ergonomics, 43(7), 960–974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, L. H. (2010). Integrating new assessment strategies into Mathematics classrooms (Research Brief No. 10-003). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang, Y., & Lee, C. K. (2010). Lesson study and instructional improvement in Singapore (Research Brief No. 10-001). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, C. B., & Gopinathan, S. (2008). The development of education in Singapore since 1965. In S. K. Lee, C. B. Goh, B. Fredriksen, & J. P. Tan (Eds.), Toward a better future: Education and training for economic development in Singapore since 1965 (pp. 12–38). Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hmelo-Silver, C. E., & Pfeffer, M. G. (2004). Comparing expert and novice understanding of a complex system from the perspective of structures, behaviors, and functions. Cognitive Science, 28, 127–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, D., & colleagues. (2009, August). Ministry of Education research seminar: Office of Education Research/National Institute of Education presentation to Ministry of Education. Presentation presented in Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, D., Shaari, I., & Lyna. (2012). How learning takes place in communities of practice: Complementing the emergence with the systems’ perspective. Celebrating Learning through Active Research (CLEAR).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapur, M. (2008). Productive failure. Cognition and Instruction, 26, 379–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, B. (2010). In-depth analysis of Singapore’s TIMSS 2007 data (Report synopsis). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU. Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/cics/OER_0210_BK.pdf

  • Kupiainen, S., Hautamäki, J., & Karjalainen, T. (2009). The Finnish education system and PISA. Helsinki, Finland: Ministry of Education Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. (2010). Students’ academic and non-academic outcomes: An international perspective from PISA 2009 study (Report synopsis). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU. Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/cics/OER%201410%20JYL_01.pdf

  • Lemke, J. L., & Sabelli, N. H. (2008). Complete systems and educational change: Towards a new research agenda. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 40(1), 118–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, S. M., Wong, M. E., & Cohen, L. (2011). Exploring the emerging identities of special needs officers in Singapore primary and secondary schools (Research Brief No. 11-003). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinsey & Company. (2007). How the world’s best-performing school systems come out on top. Retrieved from http://mckinseyonsociety.com/downloads/reports/Education/How_the_Worlds_Best_Performing_french.pdf

  • Ministry of Education, Singapore. (2012). Education in Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/about/files/moe-corporate-brochure.pdf

  • Mizikaci, F. (2009). A systems approach to program evaluation model for quality in higher education. Quality Assurance in Education, 14(1), 37–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mok, I. A. C. (2006). Shedding light on the East Asian Learner Paradox: Reconstructing student-centeredness in a Shanghai classroom. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 26(2), 131–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mourshed, M., Chijioke, C., & Barber, M. (2010). Education: How the world’s most improved school systems keep getting better. London: McKinsey & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, E., & Rodriguez-Manzanares, M. A. (2008). Using activity theory and its principle of contradictions to guide research in educational technology. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(4), 442–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2010). What students know and can do: Student performance in reading, mathematics and science. Vol. 1. PISA Results 2009. Paris: Author.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2011). Lessons from PISA for the United States: Strong performers and successful reformers in education. Paris: Author.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, J. F., Martin, M. O., & Mullis, I. V. S. (Eds.). (2008). TIMSS 2007 technical report. Chestnut Hills, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International.

    Google Scholar 

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011a). A critical resource for web-based teaching (Vol. 1, 9). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd1_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011b). Breathing a second life into geography teaching (Vol. 2, 8). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd2_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011c). Do you really know science inquiry? (Vol. 3, 4). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd3_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011d). Everyone can solve math problems with confidence (Vol. 1, 8). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd1_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011e). Learning physics by inquiry (Vol. 2, 7). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd2_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011f). Networking in the classroom (Vol. 2, 4). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd2_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011g). Online games take learning to the next level (Vol. 1, 5). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd1_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011h). Productive failure in math (Vol. 2, 3). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd2_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011i). Teaching and learning get a makeover (Vol. 1, 6). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd1_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011j). Transforming classroom culture (Vol. 2, 6). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd2_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • ReEd [Research in Education]. (2011k). When kids’ ideas come first (Vol. 2, 5). Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/OER-NIE-ReEd2_Final%20for%20Web.pdf

  • Sahlberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning: The Finnish approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22(2), 147–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santrock, W. J. (2008). Life-span development (11th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaari, I., Hung, W. L. D., & Lee, S. S. (2011). Formal and informal relationships: Critical success factors. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver, R. E. (2011). Curriculum implementation in early primary schooling in Singapore (Research Brief No. 11-004). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, I., & Cox, P. (2008). Complexity theory: Developing new understandings of child protection in field settings and in residential child care. British Journal of Social Work, 38(7), 1320–1336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, P. G., Kwek, D., & Foo, A. (2011). A study of the Raffles Programme at the Raffles Girls’ School, Singapore (Research Brief No 11-002). Singapore: Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, NTU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, R., Vulliamy, G., & Hamalainen, S. (2004). A comparative analysis of primary teacher professionalism in England and Finland. Comparative Education, 40(1), 8–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, K. Y. (2006). TEDS-M: Teacher education and development study in Mathematics [RB12-002] (NIE Research Brief Series). Singapore: National Institute of Education, NTU. Retrieved from http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/oer/NIE_research_brief_12-002.pdf

  • Wong, K. Y. (2009). Identification of unique and promising practices in mathematics and science teacher preparation among APEC economies: Singapore participation. Retrieved from the National Institute of Education website: http://www.nie.edu.sg/research-projects/identification-unique-and-promising-practices-mathematics-and-science-teacher-prep

  • Yamagata-Lynch, L. C., & Haudenschild, M. (2006, April). Using activity theory to identify contradictions and tensions in teacher professional development. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeom, M., & Ginsburg, M. (2007). Professionalism and the reform of teachers and teacher education in the Republic of Korea and the United States of America. Asia Pacific Education Review, 8(2), 298–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shu-Shing Lee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix 15.1. The Singapore Education Journey (Ministryof Education, Singapore, 2012).

Appendix 15.1. The Singapore Education Journey (Ministryof Education, Singapore, 2012).

figure a

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hung, D., Lee, SS., Lim, K.Y.T. (2014). Adaptivities in the Singapore Education System: From Great to Excellent. In: Hung, D., Lim, K., Lee, SS. (eds) Adaptivity as a Transformative Disposition. Education Innovation Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-17-7_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics