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Natural Nanofibres for Composite Applications

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Book cover Fibrous and Textile Materials for Composite Applications

Part of the book series: Textile Science and Clothing Technology ((TSCT))

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Abstract

Cellulose and chitin are the two most abundant natural polysaccharides. Both have a semicrystalline microfibrillar structure from which nanofibres can be extracted. These nanofibres are rod-like microcrystals that can be used as nanoscale reinforcements in composites due to their outstanding mechanical properties. This chapter starts by reviewing the sources, extraction methods and properties of cellulose and chitin nanofibres. Then, their use in the fabrication of structural and functional nanocomposites and the applications that have been investigated are reviewed. Nanocomposites are materials with internal nano-sized structures. They benefit from the properties of the nanofillers: low density, nonabrasive, nontoxic, low cost, susceptibility to chemical modifications and biodegradability. Diverse manufacturing technologies have been used to produce films, fibres, foams, sponges, aerogels, etc. Given their natural origin and high stiffness, these polymers have attracted a lot of attention not only in the biomedical and tissue engineering fields but also in areas such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, agriculture, biosensors and water treatment.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Usually biphasic: comprising a soft phase (the matrix) and a strong and stiff phase (the reinforcement).

  2. 2.

    Native cellulose is the designation of the cellulose produced by trees, plants, tunicates, algae, fungi and bacteria.

  3. 3.

    Also termed whiskers, nanowhiskers and nanocrystals.

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Acknowledgments

This work work was partially funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT - MEC) under the project UID/CTM/50025/2013. Carlos F. C. João and Ana C. Baptista also acknowledge FCT- MEC for SFRH/BD/80860/2011 and SFRH/BPD/104407/2014 grants, respectively.

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  1. CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Carlos F. C. João, Ana C. Baptista, Isabel M. M. Ferreira & João P. Borges

  2. CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Jorge C. Silva

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  1. Carlos F. C. João
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  2. Ana C. Baptista
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  3. Isabel M. M. Ferreira
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  4. Jorge C. Silva
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  5. João P. Borges
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Correspondence to João P. Borges .

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  1. Campus de Azurem, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

    Sohel Rana

  2. School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

    Raul Fangueiro

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João, C.F.C., Baptista, A.C., Ferreira, I.M.M., Silva, J.C., Borges, J.P. (2016). Natural Nanofibres for Composite Applications. In: Rana, S., Fangueiro, R. (eds) Fibrous and Textile Materials for Composite Applications. Textile Science and Clothing Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0234-2_8

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