Abstract
In 2008, the Dutch government began a series of public service announcements for new immigrants with the tagline, “The Dutch language connects us all.”1 This media campaign continued the decade-long public debate about immigrant integration during which language proficiency emerged as the key integrative technology of citizenship. In 1998, the Dutch state adopted legislation mandating language courses for newcomers. In 2003, passing a Dutch language test became a criterion for citizenship.
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Bjornson, M. (2012). Mouthy Citizens. In: Education and the Risk Society. Contexts of Education, vol 5. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-961-9_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-961-9_9
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