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Mucus as Physiological Barrier to Intracellular Delivery

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Intracellular Delivery II

Part of the book series: Fundamental Biomedical Technologies ((FBMT,volume 7))

Abstract

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems are versatile tools to improve drug delivery because size, surface charge and surface hydrophobicity can be varied to meet specific physiological requirements. While small size, hydrophobicity, and positive surface charge, in general, improve passage through the plasma membrane and enhance intracellular delivery, these particle parameters may not be optimal if a mucus layer covers the target cells. Many target cells for drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the respiratory tract are covered by mucus. The review describes the different compositions of mucus-covered epithelia of the oro-gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract and strategies to reach target cells beyond the mucus layer by the design of appropriate nanocarriers.

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Abbreviations

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

CREB:

cAMP response element binding protein

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

IL:

Interleukin

JNK:

Jun N-terminal kinase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

MSK1:

Mitogen and stress activated protein kinase

MUC:

Mucin

MyD88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88

NIK:

NFkB-inducing kinase

NFkB:

Nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells

p38:

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

PTS:

proline, serine, and threonine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SP1:

Specificity protein 1

Src:

Rous sarcoma oncogene cellular homolog

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TAK1:

TGF β-activated kinase

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Acknowledgements

Support of the studies by FP6 European integrated project “NanoBiopharmaceutics”, NMP4-CT-2006-026723, the Research and Technology Development in Project Cluster NANO-HEALTH and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) project 826136 is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Eleonore Fröhlich

  2. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Eva Roblegg

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  1. Eleonore Fröhlich
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  2. Eva Roblegg
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Correspondence to Eleonore Fröhlich .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical and Biological Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Aleš Prokop

  2. Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan

    Yasuhiko Iwasaki

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan

    Atsushi Harada

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Fröhlich, E., Roblegg, E. (2014). Mucus as Physiological Barrier to Intracellular Delivery. In: Prokop, A., Iwasaki, Y., Harada, A. (eds) Intracellular Delivery II. Fundamental Biomedical Technologies, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8896-0_7

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