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The Pacific Arctic Region pp 223–268Cite as

Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Western Arctic: Primary Production, Carbon Export and the Controls on Ocean Acidification

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Abstract

The Arctic Ocean is an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with a recent estimate suggesting that the region accounts for as much as 15 % of the global uptake of CO2. The western Arctic Ocean, in particular is a strong ocean sink for CO2, especially in the Chukchi Sea during the open water season when rates of primary production can reach as high as 150 g C m−2. The Arctic marine carbon cycle, the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere, and the fate of carbon fixed by marine phytoplankton appear particularly sensitive to environmental changes, including sea ice loss, warming temperatures, changes in the timing and location of primary production, changes in ocean circulation and freshwater inputs, and even the impacts of ocean acidification. In the near term, further sea ice loss and other environmental changes are expected to cause a limited net increase in primary production in Arctic surface waters. However, recent studies suggest that these enhanced rates of primary production could be short lived or not occur at all, as warming surface waters and increases in freshwater runoff and sea ice melt enhance stratification and limit mixing of nutrient-rich waters into the euphotic zone. Here, we provide a review of the current state of knowledge that exists about the rates of primary production in the western Arctic as well as the fate of organic carbon fixed by primary produces and role that these processes play in ocean acidification in the region.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all of our colleagues who have conducted the work that we have summarized and explored here. This synthesis effort was supported by the National Science Foundation (PLR-1107997) through a grant to JTM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA, USA

    Jeremy T. Mathis

  2. School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

    Jeremy T. Mathis, Russell R. Hopcroft, Sam VanLaningham & Jessica N. Cross

  3. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD, 20688, USA

    Jacqueline M. Grebmeier

  4. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Dennis A. Hansell

  5. School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA

    David L. Kirchman

  6. Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea

    Sang H. Lee

  7. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA

    S. Bradley Moran

  8. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Ferry Reach, Bermuda

    Nicholas R. Bates

  9. School of Marine Science and Policy, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Wei-Jun Cai

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Correspondence to Jeremy T. Mathis .

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  1. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA

    Jacqueline M. Grebmeier

  2. Department of Oceanography, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA

    Wieslaw Maslowski

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Mathis, J.T. et al. (2014). Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Western Arctic: Primary Production, Carbon Export and the Controls on Ocean Acidification. In: Grebmeier, J., Maslowski, W. (eds) The Pacific Arctic Region. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8863-2_9

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