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Brassinosteroids pp 69–86Cite as

Recent Progress in Brassinosteroid Research: Hormone Perception and Signal Transduction

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Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are cholestane derivatives that show structural similarity to insect, animal and human steroid hormones. Like steroids, brassinosteroids are signaling molecules in plants, which play important roles in normal growth, development and differentiation. Continued genetic screening and analysis of Arabidopsis mutants has provided new insight into brassinosteroid signaling, and today study of brassinosteroid action is the priority of many research laboratories around the world. Molecular genetic studies have led to the cloning and characterization of a BR receptor complex, BRI1/BAK1, a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase pair. Brassinosteroid binding via a BR-binding protein stabilizes heterodimmer formation, activates intrinsic kinase activities and initiates a BR signaling cascade. This results in regulation of the activity of downstream elements of the signal transduction pathways. Although downstream components of BR action are largely unknown, research effort in last two years has led to the identification of a negative cytoplasmic regulator BIN2, a GSK3-like kinase. In the absence of BRs, BIN2 phosphorylates two positive regulators, BES1 and BZR1, resulting in their degradation and preventing their accumulation in the nucleus. In turn, initiation of a BR signaling cascade inhibits BIN2 kinase activity by an unknown mechanism(s). BIN2 is not able to phosphorylate BES1 and BZR1 proteins in the presence of BRs and unphosphorylated BES1 and BZR1 accumulate in the nucleus triggering expression of a variety of BR-induced genes involved in regulation of plant growth.

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Authors
  1. Martin Fellner
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  1. Department of Botany, Aligarth Muslim University, India

    S. Hayat  & A. Ahmad  & 

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© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Fellner, M. (2003). Recent Progress in Brassinosteroid Research: Hormone Perception and Signal Transduction. In: Hayat, S., Ahmad, A. (eds) Brassinosteroids. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0948-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0948-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6464-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0948-4

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