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Membrane functions

  • Chapter
Microbial Cell Walls and Membranes

Abstract

The relative simplicity of the structures of most bacteria, combined with their ability to grow very rapidly and to adapt themselves physiologically to a wide variety of environments, means they must pack a large number of functions into few structures. In many eukaryotic cells, for example, the mitochondrion can be looked upon as the power house, the cytoplasmic membrane as the molecular sieve for small metabolites and the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum as the means of synthesizing and exporting large molecules like proteins and polysaccharides. In bacteria, all these functions must be undertaken by the available membranes, which ultimately means the cytoplasmic membrane. Mesosomes may or may not exist as such in the growing cell (see Chapter 1.5.1) and the outer membrane of Gram-negative species, although now recognized as functionally important, does not seem directly concerned with either the cell’s energy supply or with the passage of most small metabolites in and out of the cytoplasm under normal growth conditions. Where other functions such as photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation are served by specialized membrane structures, these can frequently be shown also to have their origin in the cytoplasmic membrane and to have many of the same enzymes involved with energy supply, such as the dehydrogenases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, UK

    H. J. Rogers (Head) & J. B. Ward

  2. University of Liverpool, UK

    H. R. Perkins (Professor of Microbiology)

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Rogers, H.J., Perkins, H.R., Ward, J.B. (1980). Membrane functions. In: Microbial Cell Walls and Membranes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6014-8_4

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