Abstract
In the words of Genesis in the Holy Book, man is given to rule over all the earth, over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over livestock and all creatures that move along the ground.
Keywords
- Hazard Assessment
- Environmental Experience
- Precautionary Principle
- Environmental Quality Standard
- Uncertainty Factor
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bro-Rasmussen F. Christiansen K. and Folke J. (1984) From Ecotoxicology to Assessment of Environmental Hazards of Chemicals. In: Hommage au Professeur René Truhaut, Paris, 19. October, pp 156–163.
Bro-Rasmussen F. (1995). Where is the limit? In: Report (in the Danish) from a Consensus conference arranged by Danish Board of Technology in Denmark, Copenhagen.
Calabrese E.J. and Baldwin L.A. (1993) In: Performing Ecological Risk Assessments. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, USA. pages 257
Dourson M.L. and Stara J.F. (1983) Regulatory History and Experimental Support of Uncertainty (Safety) Factors. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 3:224–238
ECB (1996). Information given in March 1996 from European Chemical Bureau (ECB), Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
ECETOC (1995) Technical Report no. 68; Assessment Factors in Human Health Risk Assessment, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium
EINECS (1981) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances by 18. September 1981. Published as Annex to Official Journal of the European Communities (90/C 146 A/01)
EU (1979) EU Council directive 79/83 I/EEC of 18. Sept. 1979 amending for 6th time directive 67/548/EEC on Classification and labelling of hazardous chemical substances
EU (1976) EU Council directive 76/464/EEC on Pollution of the aquatic environment with certain dangerous substances.
EU (1992) EU Council directive 92/32/EU of 30. April 1992 amending for the 7th time directive 67/548/EEC on classification and labelling of dangerous substances.
EU (1993a) EU Council regulation no. 793/93/EU of 23. March 1993 on the evaluation and control of risks of existing substances.
EU (1993b) Commission directive 93/67 on Risk Assessment for New Substances
EU (1994) Commission regulation No. 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances.
EU (1995) Technical Guidance documents, November 1995 in support of directives and regulations on Risk Assessment for New and Existing Chemicals; cf. Commission directive 93/67 & regulation 1488/94
IPCS & WHO (1994) Environmental Health Criteria 170. Assessing human health risks of chemicals: Derivation of Guidance values for health-based exposure limits, Geneva.
Lehman, E. J. & O. G. Fitzhugh. 100-fold margin of safety. Assoc. Food Drug Off. US Bull., Vol. 18, 33–35, 1954.
Miljøstyrelsen (1983) (Danish National EPA) Guidelines (in the Danish) for Receiving Water Quality Planning, Volume I and II; No. 1/1983 and 2/1983.
Miljøstyrelsen (1995) (Danish National EPA) Male Reproductive Health and Environmental Chemicals with Estrogen Effects. Project report no. 290
OECD (1993) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Volume 1 & 2; OECD, Paris
Ragas, A.M.J., R.S.E.W. Leuven & D.J.W Schoof (1994) Milieukwaliteit en normstelling; Handboeken milieukunde Vol. 1. Boom, Amsterdam Meppel, 283 pages.
Renwick A.G. (1993). Data-derived Safety Factors for the Evaluation of Food Additives and Environmental Contaminants. Food Add. and Contam. 10: 275–305
Skakkebæk, NE. & Keiding, N. (1994) Changes in semen and the testis. Br Med. J., vol. 309, 1316–1317.
Teknologirådet (1996) (Danish Board of Technology) The Non-assessed Chemicals in EU. Report and recommendations from an interdisciplinary group of Danish experts; No. 1996/5. Copenhagen
US-EPA (1993) A Guidebook to Comparing Risks and Setting Environmental Priorities. Doc. EPA 230-B-93-003, Washington DC, USA (cit. ECETOC (1995) Technical Report no. 68)
van den Zandt P. and }van Leeuwen C.J. (1992) A Proposal for Priority Setting of Existing Chemical Substances. (so-called ‘EPS-report’ commissioned by the EU/DG XI). VROM (1994) Environmental Quality Objectives in the Netherlands. Ministry of Housing, Planning & Environm., The Hague, The Netherlands. (ISBN 90 6092 783 4)
Woin P. (1995) Xenobiotics in Aquatic Ecosystems. Thesis from the Department of Ecology, Lund University, Sweden.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bro-Rasmussen, F. (1998). The Precautionary Principle and Science-Based Limits in Regulatory Toxicology. In: Pugh, D.M., Tarazona, J.V. (eds) Regulation for Chemical Safety in Europe: Analysis, Comment and Criticism. Environment & Policy, vol 15. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5316-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5316-4_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6233-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5316-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive