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Integrated Pest Management pp 47–71Cite as

Environmental and Economic Costs of the Application of Pesticides Primarily in the United States

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Abstract

An obvious need for an updated and comprehensive study prompted this investigation of the complex of environmental and economic costs resulting from the nation’s dependence on pesticides. Included in this assessment of an estimated $9.6 billion in environmental and societal damages are analyses of: pesticide impacts on public health; livestock and livestock product losses; increased control expenses resulting from pesticide-related destruction of natural enemies and from the development of pesticide resistance in pests; crop pollination problems and honeybee losses; crop and crop product losses; bird, fish, and other wildlife losses; and governmental expenditures to reduce the environmental and social costs of the recommended application of pesticides.

The major economic and environmental losses due to the application of pesticides in the USA were: public health, $1.1 billion year; pesticide resistance in pests, $1.5 billion; crop losses caused by pesticides, $1.4 billion; bird losses due to pesticides, $2.2 billion; and groundwater contamination, $2.0 billion.

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Acknowledgement

This research was supported in part by the Podell Emeriti Award at Cornell University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Tower Road East, Blue Old Insectary, Room 165, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA

    David Pimentel

  2. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Horticulture, Research Aide, Greenhouse worker, Tower Road East, Blue Insectary-Old, Room 161, 14853, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Michael Burgess

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  1. Department of Entomology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    David Pimentel

  2. FOA Chatha Div. Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, India

    Rajinder Peshin

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Pimentel, D., Burgess, M. (2014). Environmental and Economic Costs of the Application of Pesticides Primarily in the United States. In: Pimentel, D., Peshin, R. (eds) Integrated Pest Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_2

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