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Integrated Pest Management pp 355–392Cite as

Integrating Research and Extension for Successful Integrated Pest Management

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Abstract

A successful integrated pest management (IPM) program requires the integration of both research and extension. Current restrictions on pesticide use have demanded research on reduced-risk practices. For instance, in the US, the US Environmental Protection Agency Food Quality Protection Act (EPA FQPA) of 1996 imposes restrictions and tolerance reassessments on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Reduced-risk pest management practices include the use of softer pesticides, mating disruption technologies, development of degree-day models, geo-spatial technologies, cultural and ground cover management, and methods that conserve biological control agents. Constant threats from newly introduced pests are a major obstacle for IPM implementation because they disrupt existing practices. In addition, increased economic pressures that growers face, such as increased pesticide and labor costs and grower market competition, provide another dimension to this situation. More than ever the integration of multiple pest management tactics is needed for the development and implementation of sustainable IPM programs. The adoption of new technologies into existing IPM programs will depend on a comprehensive extension program that combines traditional forms of communication (e.g., outreach presentations, on-farm demonstrations, newsletters, factsheets, etc.) with new internet-based tools (e.g., WebPages, blogs, and webinars). Here we discuss various ways in which research and extension efforts can be coordinated to develop a successful pest management program. In particular, we provide examples based on our own experiences in peaches, blueberries, citrus, and apples.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Based on authors’ personal experiences.

  2. 2.

    Based on authors’ personal experiences.

  3. 3.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  4. 4.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  5. 5.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  6. 6.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  7. 7.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  8. 8.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  9. 9.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  10. 10.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

  11. 11.

    Based on authors’ experiences.

Abbreviations

IPM:

Integrated Pest Management

US:

United States

OPs:

Organophosphates

DDT:

Dichloro-diphenyl-tri-chloroethane

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

FQPA:

Food Quality Protection Act

USDA:

United States Department of Agriculture

PMSP:

Pest Management Strategic Plan

GIS:

Geographic Information Systems

RAMP:

Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program

PMAP:

Pest Management Alternatives Program

NIFA:

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

SCRI:

Specialty Crop Research Initiative

NASS:

National Agricultural Statistics Service

ERS:

Economic Research Service

CAR:

Crops At Risk

IR-4:

Interregional Research Project No. 4

SARE:

Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education

HLB:

Huanglongbing; citrus greening disease

CHMAs:

Citrus Health Management Areas

ACP:

Asian Citrus Psyllid

APHIS-PPQ:

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine

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Acknowledgments

We thank the editors, Drs. Rajinder Peshin and David Pimentel, for the invitation to write this chapter. Drs. George Hamilton, Joyce Parker, and Anne Nielsen kindly provided comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We are very thankful to the following agencies and grower associations for supporting our research and extension programs: USDA, EPA, New Jersey Blueberry/Cranberry Research Council, and the Citrus Research and Development Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Extension Specialist, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research & Extension, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., 08019, Chatsworth, NJ, USA

    Cesar R. Rodriguez-Saona

  2. Agricultural and Resource Management Agents, Rutgers University, Fruit & Ornamental Research & Extension Center, 283 Route 539, 08514, Cream Ridge, NJ, USA

    Dean Polk

  3. Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Citrus Research & Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Rd., 33840, Lake Alfred, FL, USA

    Lukasz L. Stelinski

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  1. Cesar R. Rodriguez-Saona
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  2. Dean Polk
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Correspondence to Cesar R. Rodriguez-Saona .

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  1. Department of Entomology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    David Pimentel

  2. FOA Chatha Div. Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, India

    Rajinder Peshin

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Rodriguez-Saona, C., Polk, D., Stelinski, L. (2014). Integrating Research and Extension for Successful Integrated Pest Management. In: Pimentel, D., Peshin, R. (eds) Integrated Pest Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_15

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