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Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism pp 45–65Cite as

Aging, Age-Related Diseases and Peroxisomes

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Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 69))

Abstract

Human aging is considered as one of the biggest risk factors for the development of multiple diseases such as cancer, type-2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration. In addition, it is widely accepted that these age-related diseases result from a combination of various genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. As biological aging is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are not yet fully understood. However, a significant amount of evidence supports the theory that oxidative stress may act as a primary etiologic factor. Indeed, many signaling components like kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors are exquisitely sensitive to the cellular redox status, and a chronic or severe disturbance in redox homeostasis can promote cell proliferation or trigger cell death. Now, almost 50 years after their discovery, there is a wealth of evidence that peroxisomes can function as a subcellular source, sink, or target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules. Yet, the possibility that these organelles may act as a signaling platform for a variety of age-related processes has so far been underestimated and largely neglected. In this review, we will critically discuss the possible role of peroxisomes in the human aging process in light of the available data.

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Abbreviations

αS:

α-synuclein

Aβ:

Amyloid-β peptide

ACOX1:

Acyl-CoA oxidase 1

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AGPS:

Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase

AOX:

Antioxidants

CAT:

Catalase

DAO:

D-amino acid oxidase

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

(F)ALS:

(familial) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

GNPAT:

Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase

MAM:

Mitochondrial-associated membrane

NEFAs:

Non-esterified fatty acids

NFTs:

Neurofibrillary tangles

PBDs:

Peroxisome biogenesis disorders

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PPAR-α:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha

PRDX5:

Peroxiredoxin 5

PTS1:

C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD1:

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

UPR:

Unfolded protein response

VLCFAs:

Very-long-chain fatty acids

X-ALD:

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

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Acknowledgements

M.F. and P.V.V. are supported by grants from the ‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (Onderzoeksproject G.0754.09)’ and the ‘Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds van de KU Leuven (OT/09/045)’. B.W. is a recipient of a fellowship from the Chinese Research Council.

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  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 601, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Marc Fransen, Marcus Nordgren, Bo Wang, Oksana Apanasets & Paul P. Van Veldhoven

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Correspondence to Marc Fransen .

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  1. , Depto. Bioquímica, Biología Celular y, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain

    Luis A. del Río

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Fransen, M., Nordgren, M., Wang, B., Apanasets, O., Van Veldhoven, P.P. (2013). Aging, Age-Related Diseases and Peroxisomes. In: del Río, L. (eds) Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_3

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