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Combined Approaches to Study Virus Structures

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Structure and Physics of Viruses

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 68))

Abstract

A virus particle must work as a safe box for protecting its genome, but at the same time it has to undergo dramatic conformational changes in order to preserve itself by propagating in a cell infection. Thus, viruses are miniaturized wonders whose structural complexity requires them to be investigated by a combination of different techniques that can tackle both static and dynamic processes. In this chapter we will illustrate how major structural techniques such as X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy have been and can be combined with other techniques to determine the structure of complex viruses. The power of these hybrid method approaches are revealed through the various examples provided.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Also especially recommended for further reading are references [7, 9, 13, 25, 27, 99, 112] listed above.

Abbreviations

2D:

Two dimensional

3D:

Three dimensional

BMV:

Bromegrass mosaic virus

EM:

Electron microscopy

ET:

Electron tomography

Fab:

Antigen-binding antibody fragment

FMDV:

Foot-and-mouth disease virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HCV-LP:

HCV-like particle

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HRV-16:

Human rhinovirus 16

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

MR:

Molecular replacement

NCS:

Non-crystallographic symmetry

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

RVFV:

Rift Valley fever virus

SANS:

Small-angle neutron scattering

SAXS:

Small-angle X-ray scattering

SBMV:

Southern bean mosaic virus

SeMet:

Seleno-methionine

SIV:

Simian immunodeficiency virus

TBSV:

Tomato bushy stunt virus

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TMV:

Tobacco mosaic virus

TNV:

Tobacco necrosis virus

VLP:

Virus-like particle

WNV:

West Nile virus

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Acknowledgements

DB acknowledges support from the CIC bioGUNE and HMO thanks the University of Helsinki for funding to EU ESFRI Instruct Centre for Virus Production and Purification. DIS is supported by the UK MRC. This work was enabled by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion (BFU2009-08123), Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (BFU2012-33947) and the Basque Government (PI2010-20) grants to NGAA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Structural Biology Unit, CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain

    Daniel Badia-Martinez & Nicola G. A. Abrescia

  2. Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, 56, Viikinkaari 5, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Hanna M. Oksanen

  3. Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK

    David I. Stuart

  4. Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK

    David I. Stuart

  5. Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain

    Nicola G. A. Abrescia

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  1. Daniel Badia-Martinez
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  2. Hanna M. Oksanen
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  3. David I. Stuart
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  4. Nicola G. A. Abrescia
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Correspondence to Nicola G. A. Abrescia .

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  1. "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC_UAM), And Dept. of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Mauricio G. Mateu

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Badia-Martinez, D., Oksanen, H.M., Stuart, D.I., Abrescia, N.G.A. (2013). Combined Approaches to Study Virus Structures. In: Mateu, M. (eds) Structure and Physics of Viruses. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 68. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6552-8_7

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