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MHC Class I Antigens and the Tumor Microenvironment

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The Tumor Immunoenvironment

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Abstract

Cancer is characterized by the accumulation of multiple genetic events leading to malignant transformation and escape from the immune surveillance. A complex interaction of malignant cells with the surrounding tissues, including epithelial cells, vascular and lymphatic vessels, extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, and infiltrating immune cells, lead to tumor immunoediting and generation of tumor escape variants with an increased ability to disseminate to distant sites. Tumor- infiltrating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (TILs) are responsible for tumor cell recognition and elimination, while Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II products play a central role in mounting an effective anti-tumor immune response by restricting T cell recognition of foreign antigens (Ags) processed as small peptides. Therefore, tumor cells that fail to express MHC molecules have an advantage that provides them with an escape route from T cell immunity. The molecular identification of human cancer antigens has allowed the development of antigen-specific immunotherapy. Novel cancer vaccines aim to induce tumor-specific effector T cells that can reduce the tumor mass and to induce tumor-specific memory T cells that can control tumor relapse. However, loss of tumor MHC class I expression may compromise the efficacy of the immunotherapy-induced anti-tumor T cell immunity. Early cancer detection and treatment require more effective cancer biomarkers, or molecular signatures, for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. Analysis of the tumor expression of HLA class I antigens as biomarkers of cancer development might help to choose an appropriate treatment protocol and monitor clinical response to cancer immunotherapy.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge contribution of the students and investigators who have been part of the large research group at the Department of Clinical Analysis at the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital in Granada, Spain. This work has been supported over the years by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS), Red Genomica del Cancer (RETIC), Plan Andaluz de Investigación (Group CTS-143), Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS), Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (Proyectos SAF 2007-63262 and SAF 2010-20273) in Spain; and from different European projects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Analysis and Immunology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 18014, Granada, Spain

    Natalia Aptsiauri, Teresa Cabrera, Angel Garcia-Lora, Francisco Ruiz-Cabello & Federico Garrido

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology III, University of Granada Medical School, Granada, Spain

    Teresa Cabrera, Francisco Ruiz-Cabello & Federico Garrido

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  1. Natalia Aptsiauri
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  2. Teresa Cabrera
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  3. Angel Garcia-Lora
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  4. Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
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  5. Federico Garrido
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Correspondence to Federico Garrido .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street Scaife Hal, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael R. Shurin

  2. , Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncolo, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

    Viktor Umansky

  3. , SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Post Office B, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA

    Anatoli Malyguine

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Aptsiauri, N., Cabrera, T., Garcia-Lora, A., Ruiz-Cabello, F., Garrido, F. (2013). MHC Class I Antigens and the Tumor Microenvironment. In: Shurin, M., Umansky, V., Malyguine, A. (eds) The Tumor Immunoenvironment. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6217-6_10

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